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OTE/SPH
 OTE/SPH
                         3:5
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          August 31, 2006
 JWBK119-16
                                     Robust Design                           255
      Table 16.12 Effect of replicates on confounding.
                                                       Number of replicates
      Source                Degrees of freedom   r = 1    r = 2    r = 3    r = 4
      Main effects                 k              3         3        3        3
      Two-way interactions      1 / 2 k(k−1)      3         3        3        3
      Error                        ν e            1         9       17       25
                                   k
      Total                      r (2 −1)         7        15       23       31


      main effects and two-way interactions. Otherwise, four replicates would be preferred
      since three replicates would result in confounding between the blocks and the two-
      way interactions.
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