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figure out whether a covalent bond between
chemical reaction will occur atoms.
and what comes out the · By knowing the value of the
other end is found by writing bond energy, we can
a balanced chemical equation predict if a chemical reaction
will be exothermic or
to describe a chemical
endothermic.
reaction.
· Ionization energy
· Acids are sour (like a
(measured in electronvolts,
lemon), react with metals,
eV) is the amount of energy
and can burn your skin. They
needed to completely remove
register between 1 and 7 on
an electron from gaseous
the pH scale.
atom or ion.
· Bases are bitter (like baking
· A combustion reaction
soda), slippery, and can also
gives off energy, usually in
burn your skin. They the form of heat and light.
measure between 7 and 14
· A decomposition reaction
on the pH scale.
breaks a complicated
· An acid-base reaction deals molecule into simpler ones
with reactions that involve
· A double displacement
hydrogen (protons).
(metathesis) reaction has
· pH stands for “power of two compounds exchanging
hydrogen” and is a measure bonds to form new
of how acidic a substance is. compounds
· The electrons in the · Redox reactions involve an
outermost shell are the ones exchange of electrons
that form the bonds with between compounds. Redox
other atoms. stands for oxidation-
reduction.
· When one atom accepts or
donates an electron to · Oxidation happens when a
another atom, an ionic bond compound loses electrons
is formed. (increases oxidation state)
· When the atoms share the · Reduction occurs when a
electron(s), a covalent compound gains electrons
bond is formed. (decrease in oxidation state).
· Usually an electron is more · Nuclear reactions deal with
attracted to one atom than changes inside the nucleus of
another, which forms polar an atom.
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