Page 20 - Class Portfolio2019

UNIT I
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT

LEVELS and STAGES DEFINITION

1.Pre-conventional Most nine-year-old and younger, some over nine. Our moral
code is shaped by the standards of adults and the
consequences of following or breaking their rules.
1.1 Obedience and The individual is good in order to avoid being punished. If a
Punishment Orientation person is punished, they must have done wrong.

1.2 Individualism and At this stage, children recognize that there is not just one right
exchange view that is handed down by the authorities.

2. Conventional Morality Most adolescents and adults, we begin to internalize the
moral standards of valued adult role models. In this level, we
focus on the norms of the group to which the person belongs.

2.1 Good Interpersonal The individual is good in order to be seen as being a good
Relationships person by others. Therefore, answers relate to the approval
of others.

2.2 Maintaining the Social The individual becomes aware of the wider rules of society,
Order so judgments concern obeying the rules in order to uphold the
law and to avoid guilt.

3. Post- conventional In this stage, the individual judgment is based on individual
morality rights and justice. This level of moral reasoning is as far as
most people get.

3.1 Social Contract and The individual becomes aware that while rules might exist for
Individual Rights the good of the greatest number, there are times when they
will work against the interest of particular individuals.

3.2 Universal Principles People at this stage have developed their own set of moral
guidelines which may or may not fit the law.

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