Page 26 - Class Portfolio2019

UNIT I
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

ISSUES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

NATURE VS NURTURE

Nature

The degree to which human behavior is determined by genetics/biology

Nurture

Learned through interacting with the environment
There are two effective ways to study nature-nurture.

1. Twin studies: Identical twins have the same genotype, and fraternal twins have an average of
50% of their genes in common.
2. Adoption studies: Similarities with the biological family support nature, while similarities with the
adoptive family support nurture.
CONTINUOUS CHANGE VS DISCONTINUOUS CHANGE

CONTINUOUS CHANGE
Gradual development in which achievements at one level build on those of previous levels

STABILITY VS CHANGE
Stability implies personality traits present during infancy endure throughout the lifespan. In contrast,
change theorists argue that personalities are modified by interactions with family, experiences at school,
and acculturation.

This capacity for change is called plasticity. For example, Rutter (1981) discovered than somber babies
living in understaffed orphanages often become cheerful and affectionate when placed in socially
stimulating adoptive homes.

References:
 www.publishyourarticle.netknowledge-hub/education, Dictionary of education, atww.
- studylecturenotes.com/... /education/223-individual-differences,
- twinparenting.about.com/... /Individual-differences.htm).

ACTIVITY:

1. Define the different types of individual differences?

2. Compare Nature vs Nurture on human development?
3. Discuss the specific factors in influencing differences?

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