Page 32 - Class Portfolio2019

UNIT I
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

MEANS OF INDIRECT ADJUSTMENT TO FRUSTRATION

1) Sublimation or Substitution

Sublimation is an indirect but socially acceptable expression of emotion or drive

Substitution is replacing an activity for another in which the individual fails to excel.

2) Compensation and Overcompensation
Compensation is a socially acceptable means of adjustment to make up for deficiency or
inferiority, physical or otherwise. It is almost the same if not exactly the same as substitution.

Overcompensation is an extreme form of compensation less rational and often anti-social.

3) Fantasy or Introversion
Act of imagining success and satisfactions that are not attained. This consist of the types:

a) The conquering hero type -- one who imagines himself to be the victorious hero.

b) The suffering hero or martyr type -- one who believes that the world is sympathetic to his
cause.

4) Rationalization
Act of giving some socially acceptable reasons for one’s frustrations. There are three methods
involved in this way of adjusting to frustrations.

a) Sour grapes mechanism – one finds fault in a motive which he fails to attain.

b) Sweet lemon mechanism – one finds satisfaction in his failure because it is a blessing in
disguise.

c) Projection – act of blaming somebody or something for one’s failure.
5) Simulation of physical ailments

This is composed of Two types:

a) Hysteria – simulation of localized ailments. Usually, it is a combination of screaming and
crying.

b) Neurasthenia – simulation of generalized bodily ailments
6) Nomadism

Act of wandering aimlessly

7) Regression
Act of submerging into the subconscious state or forgetting.

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