Page 266 - The Manga Guide to Biochemistry

M enzyme reaction P
measurement, 236–237
macrophages, 103 palmitic acid, 116
malonyl-CoA, 116–117 lectin blotting, 234–235 pepsin, 162
maximum reaction rate, 178–179 overview, 232 peptide bonds, 155, 158
messenger RNA (mRNA), genes peptidyl transfer, 158
DNA, 218–219 phagocyte, 103
222–223 RNA, 220–227 phosphate, 205
metabolism, 38, 107, 231 molecular biology phosphodiester bond, 214
metabolism first theory, 231 and biochemistry, 228–230 phospholipids, 16, 93, 95
metallic bonds, 36 origin of cells, 231 phosphopantetheine group, 85
methane, 46 recombinant DNA phosphorylation, 56
Michaelis constant, 180–181
Michaelis-Menten equation, techniques, 229–230 photophosphorylation reaction,
nuclein, 204 50–56
180–181, 191–192, 196 overview, 199–203
Miescher, Friedrich, 204 nuclein, 204 photosynthesis
milk sugar, 63 nucleosides, 205 carbon dioxide fixation, 57–59
mitochondria, 16–17, 31, 116 nucleotides chloroplast structure, 49
molecular biology base complementarity overview, 79–81
photophosphorylation reaction,
and biochemistry, 228–230 and DNA structure, 50–56
origin of cells, 231 209–211 plants, 48
recombinant DNA techniques, DNA replication and enzyme
DNA polymerase, photosystem I, 55
229–230 212–214 photosystem II, 55
monoacylglycerol, 92 overview, 205–208 Phytolacca americana plant, 228
monosaccharides RNA structure, 214–217 pokeweed, 228
nucleus, 16, 17, 204 polynucleotides, 209–210
aldoses and ketoses, 83 polypeptide chain, 158
D-form and L-form, 84 O polysaccharides, 131–132, 137
pyranose and furanose, 83 post-genome era, 230
in respiration, 62–63 obesity precursor mRNA, 223
structure of, 131–132 ingested and expended energy, primary structure, 158
mRNA (messenger RNA), 106–110 producers, 48
overview, 106 product, defined, 37
222–223 saccharides progesterone, 98
multicellular organisms, 15 fat used as energy source, protease, 204
myocardial infarction, 104 118–122 protein catabolism enzymes,
overeating and weight
N gain, 123 164, 165
overview, 111–117 proteins
NADH molecule, 54–55, 75
NADPH molecule, 54–55 oligosaccharides, 131–132, 137 amino acids
neutral fat, 91 open-chain glucose form, 61 overview, 154–157
neutral lipids, 91 organelles, 16 primary structure of, 158
non-competitive inhibition, -ose suffix, 63 quaternary structure of, 161
overeating, 123 secondary structure of, 159
194–195 oxidation-reduction, 37 tertiary structure of, 160
nucleic acids. See also nucleotides oxidized, defined, 37
oxygen, 77, 216 created by cells, 18
conducting experiments overview, 150–151, 153–154
centrifugation, 235 roles of, 151–152
column chromatography,
232–233
electrophoresis and
western blots, 233–234

252 Index