Page 267 - The Manga Guide to Biochemistry
P. 267
proteios, 154 RNA (ribonucleic acid) sugar, 60–61, 116, 130
pyranose, 83 in creation of proteins, 203 sugar chain, 126
pyrimidine bases, 206 mRNA, 222–223
pyruvate, 68, 72 overview, 220–221 T
pyruvic acid, 29–30 ribozymes, 226–227
rRNA and tRNA, 223–225 T (thymine), 206, 208
Q self-splicing, 227 TCA cycle (citric acid cycle), 67,
structure of, 214–217
quaternary structure, 161 71–73, 115
rRNA (ribosomal RNA), 223–225 templates, DNA replication, 211
R tertiary structure, 160
S testosterone, 98
rate-limiting reaction, 117 thylakoid membrane, 52
reaction rate, 178 saccharides thylakoids, 49
reciprocals, 186–190 aldoses and ketoses, 83 thymine (T), 206, 208
recombinant DNA techniques, in carbon fixation, 58 thymus, 228
D-form and L-form transcription, 222
229–230 isomers, 84 transferases
reduced, defined, 37 excess, transformation into fat,
reducing agents, 37 111–117 glucosyltransferase and blood
replication first theory, 231 in fruits, 133–135 type, 169–171
replication of DNA, 211, 212–214 -ose suffix and, 63
reproduction, 231 overeating and weight overview, 168
respiration gain, 123 transfer RNA (tRNA), 223–225
photosynthesis and, 25 triacylglycerol, 92, 113–114
breathing, 64–65 pyranose and furanose, 83 tRNA (transfer RNA), 223–225
carbohydrates types of, 131–132
using fat as energy source, U
monosaccharides and cyclic 118–122
structure, 63 U (uracil), 206, 208
secondary structure, 159 unicellular microorganisms, 15
overview, 60–62 self-replication, 231 unsaturated carbons, 96
saccharides and -ose sense strand, 222 unsaturated fatty acids, 96
side chain, 159 uracil (U), 206, 208
suffix, 63 sigmoid curve, 196 uridine monophosphate, 208
energy creation by specific gravity, 101
spliceosome, 227 V
citric acid cycle, 71–73 splicing, 223
electron transport chain, starch, 66, 132, 136 very low-density lipoproteins
steroids, 97 (VLDL), 113
74–78
glucose decomposition by steroid hormone, 98 vitalism theory, 229
steroidal skeleton, 97 Vitamin D, 99
glycolysis, 68–70 stroma, 57
overview, 66–67 substance metabolism, 38 W
fundamentals of, 37 substrates, 37, 162–165
overview, 79–81 subunit, 161 weight gain, 123
ribonucleic acid (RNA). See RNA succinyl-CoA, 72 western blots, 233–234
(ribonucleic acid) sucrose, 59, 61–63 wine, 21
ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 223–225 sucrose-phosphate synthase,
ribosomes
in cells, 16–19 133–134
defined, 37
in protein synthesis, 27–28
ribozymes, 226–227
rice starch, 136–137
ring structure of glucose, 61, 141
Index 253
