Page 28 - Quantitative Data Analysis
P. 28
Quantitative Data Analysis
Simply Explained Using SPSS
Notations
An observed data point is represented by a capital letter, usually X;
the value of a variable for one subject.
5. For your age, X=21 (Here you can say X is a variable and 21
is the data value).
6. Little x is a deviation score (coming soon)
7. The number of subjects is represented by N (for the
population) or n (for the sample).
8. Use subscripts to denote observations from different
subjects on the same variable. The age of three subjects:
X 1=23 , X 2=21 ,X 3=18.
9. To indicate adding up a series of numbers, use the Greek
capital letter sigma,
a. Specifically ∑
b. ∑ : “Add up all the X’s”
10. Example:
a. ∑
b. ∑
c. ∑
The Theory and Applications of Statistical Inferences 12
