Page 34 - Zoology

PZz_© Aa¨vq - i³ I mÂvjb
mb&Rq P›`ª gÛj, mnKvwi Aa¨vcK, Dw™¢`weÁvb, RqcyinvU miKvwi K‡jR, RqcyinvU|
1| DÏxcK t gvbe‡`‡n GK ai‡bi jvj e‡Y©i Zij †hvRK Kjv hv evwnKvi gva¨‡g gvbe‡`‡ni me©Î mÂvwjZ nq|
K) i³ Kx?
L) i‡³i KvR Kx?
M) DÏxc‡K ewY©Z c`v_©¸‡jvi Dcv`vb¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki|
N) DÏxcK e¯‘i RgvU evavi cÖwµqv eY©bv Ki|
1| K) i³ t i³ GK ai‡Yi AvšÍt‡Kvlxq mRxe Zij †hvRK Kjv hv A¯^”Q Clr ¶vixq PUP‡U jebv³ Ges wn‡gv‡Møvweb bvgK we‡kl iÄK _vKvi Kvi‡Y jvj eY© aviY K‡i|
i³ cøvRgv I KwbKvi mgš^‡q MwVZ| i‡³i Zij ev Rjxq Ask‡K i³im ev cøvRgv Ges G‡Z †jvwnZ, †k¦Z I AbyPwµKv GB wZb ai‡Yi KwbKv we`¨gvb|
L) i‡³i KvR (Function of Blood):
1) Aw·‡Rb cwienb t †jvwnZ KwYKvi wn‡gv‡Møvweb I cøvRgvi gva¨‡g i³ dzmdzm †_‡K Kjvq Aw·‡Rb enb K‡i|
2) Kve©b WvB A·vBW cwienb t AšÍtk¦m‡bi d‡j m„ó Kjv‡Kvl †_‡K CO2 dzmdz‡m enb K‡i|
3) Lv`¨mvi cwienb t cwicvKK…Z Lv`¨mvi Aš¿ †_‡K Kjv‡Kv‡l cwienb K‡i|
4) ni‡gvb cwienb t AšÍt¶iv MÖwš’ †_‡K ¶wiZ ni‡gvb †`‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxq †Kv‡l cwienb K‡i|
5) mwÂZ Lv`¨ cwienb t †`‡ni wewfbœ mÂq fvÛvi (†hgb hK…Z) †_‡K Lv`¨mvi Kjv‡Kv‡l enb K‡i|
6) ˆ`wnK DòZv wbqš¿Y t AwaKZi mwµq Kjvq Drcbœ Zvc †`‡ni me©Î i‡³i mvnv‡h¨ e›U‡bi d‡j kix‡ii wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎv wbqwš¿Z nq|
7) RxevYy cÖwZ‡iva t †k¦Z KwbKv¸‡jv d¨v‡MvmvB‡Uvwmm cÖwµqvq †`‡n cÖweó RxevYy MÖvm K‡i aŸsm K‡i|
8) ¶Z wbivgq t dvB‡eªveøv÷ Drcbœ K‡i Kjvi ¶Z wbivgq K‡i|
9) i³ cÖwZ‡iva t ZÂb a‡g©i mnvqZvq i³ †`‡ni ¶Z¯’vb †_‡K A¯^vfvweK i³cvZ eÜ K‡i|

M) DÏxc‡K i‡³i wel‡q Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ Gi wewfbœ Dcv`vb¸‡jv eY©bv Kiv n‡jv- MCQ eB †_‡K
i‡³i Dcv`vb t i³ †`L‡Z GK ai‡bi Zij g‡b n‡jI Zv MvVwbKfv‡e `ywU g~j Ask wb‡q MwVZ| h_v- (1) cøvRgv ev i³im Ges (2) i³ KwYKv |
(1) i³imt i‡³i cÖvq 60 fvMB i³im| i³i‡m 90-92 fvM cvwb _v‡K| euvwK 8-10 fvM A‰Re I ˆRe e¯‘ we`¨gvb| i³i‡mi wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi
g‡a¨ †cÖvwUb, †mœn, Møy‡KvR, †Kv‡j‡÷ij cÖf„wZ ˆRe c`v_© Ges †mvwWqvg, K¨vjwmqvg, g¨vM‡bwmqvg †K¬vivBW, evBKv‡e©v‡bU cÖf„wZ A‰Re Avqb D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
KvRt i³i‡mi gva¨‡gB cvwPZ Lv`¨e¯‘, cÖvYim, GbRvBg, †iPb`ªe¨ cÖf„wZ e¯‘ †`‡ni GK Ask †_‡K Ab¨ As‡k cwievwnZ nq|
(2) i³KwbKvt †giy`Ûx cÖvYxi i‡³ mvaviYZ wZb ai‡bi i³KwYKv cvIqv hvq| h_v- †jvwnZ i³ KwYKv, †k¦Z i³KwYKv I AbyPwµKv|
‡jvwnZ i³ KwYKv ev Gwi‡_ªvmvBU t Giv †MvjvKvi ev wW¤^vKvi| G‡`i mvB‡UªvcøvR‡g wn‡gv‡Møvweb bvgK †jŠn NwUZ k¦vmiÄK _v‡K| mvaviYZ ¯Zb¨cvqx‡`i
cwiYZ †jvwnZ i³KwYKvq wbDwK¬qvm _v‡K bv| gvbylmn AwaKvsk ¯Zb¨cvqxi †jvwnZ i³KwYKv e„ËvKvi I wØ-AeZj| cÖ‡Z¨K †jvwnZ KwYKvi e¨vm 7.3
gvBµb| c~Y©eq¯‹ gvby‡li GK gvB‡µvwjUvi i‡³ cÖvq 50 j¶ †jvwnZ i³KwYKv _v‡K| gvby‡li †jvwnZ KwYKvi Mo Avqy 120 w`b| gvQ, DfPi mixm„c I cvwLi
wW¤^vK…wZ †jvwnZ KwYKvq wbDwK¬qvm _v‡K|

KvRt Aw·‡Rb enb KivB †jvwnZ KwYKvi cÖavb KvR| Kve©b WvB-A·vBW cwien‡YI †jvwnZ KwYKvi ¸iyZ¡ Av‡Q|

‡k¦Z i³KwYKv ev wjD‡KvmvBU t †k¦Z i³KwYKvi AvqZb Ab¨vb¨ i³KwYKv A‡c¶v eo, wKš‘ msL¨vq A‡c¶vK…Z Kg| G‡`i mvB‡UvcøvR‡g wn‡gv‡Møvweb _v‡K
bv wKš‘ my¯úó wbDwK¬qvm _v‡K| wbDwK¬qvm cÖ_‡g †Mvj ev wW¤^vKvi nq wKš‘ e‡qve„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ e„°vKvi I Ak¦¶zivKvi aviY K‡i| wbDwK¬qvm mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi
Pv‡c GKcÖv‡šÍ Ae¯’vb †bq| AvK…wZ I MVbMZfv‡e †k¦ZKwYKv‡K cÖavb `yfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq, h_v- A`vbv`vi ev A¨vMÖvby‡jvmvBU Ges `vbv`vi ev MÖ¨vby‡jvmvBU|
KvRt †`‡n cÖweó ¶wZKi RxevYy‡K f¶Y K‡i aŸsm (d¨v‡MvmvB‡Uvwmm) KivB KwYKvi cÖavb KvR|

AbyPwµKv ev _ª‡¤^vmvBU t Giv wbDwK¬qvmwenxb ev wbDwK¬qvmhy³ Ges wewfbœ AvKvi wewkó n‡q _v‡K| Giv mvaviYZ 2.5- 5 gvBµb e¨vmwewkó nq| gvby‡li GK
gvB‡µvwjUvi i‡³i cÖvq 250,000 †_‡K 450,000 AYyPwµKv _v‡K| G‡Z ‡cÖvwUb I cÖPzi cwigvY †mdvwjb bvgK dm‡dvwjwcW _v‡K| _ª‡¤^vmvB‡Ui Mo Avqy
cÖvq 5-10 w`b|
KvRt ¶Z¯’v‡b i³ZÂb NUvq Ges wn‡gv÷¨vwUK cøvM MVb K‡i i³¶iY eÜ K‡i| †miv‡Uvwbb bvgK ivmvqwbK c`v_© Drcbœ K‡i hv i³bvwji ms‡KvPb NwU‡q
i³cvZ n«vm K‡i|

N) i³ RgvU evavi cÖwµqv t ‡h cÖwµqvq †Kvb ¶‡Zi gy‡L i³ RgvU †eu‡a †`n †_‡K AevwÃZ i³cvZ eÜ nq Zv‡K i³ ZÂb ev i³ RgvU evuav
e‡j| A_©vr `ªeYxq dvBweª‡bv‡R‡bi A`ªeYxq dvBweªb Rvj‡K iycvšÍi nIqvi d‡j G‡Z i³KwYKvmg~n Ave× nIqvi Rb¨ i‡³i PjgvbZv I ZijZv
nvwi‡q †Rjx‡Z cwiYZ n‡q ¶Z¯’vb eÜ nq| Gi d‡j i³cvZ eÜ nq| GB cÖwµqvwU i³ZÂb ev i³RgvU evuav e‡j|
i³ Z‡bi avcmg~n n‡jv:
(i) AvNv‡Zi d‡j ¶Z¯’v‡b ¶wZMÖ¯’ Kjv ev we`xY© _ª‡¤^vmvBU †_‡K _ª‡¤^vcøvw÷b bvgK GbRvBg †e‡ivq|
(ii) _ª‡¤^vcøvw÷b K¨vjwmqvg Avq‡bi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z wbw®Œq †cÖv_ªw¤^b‡K mwµq _ªw¤^b GbRvB‡g cwiYZ K‡i|
(iii) _ªw¤^b d«vBweª‡bv‡Rb‡K cÖ_‡g dvBweªb g‡bvgvi I c‡i dvBweªb cwjgvi Ges me‡k‡l dvBweªb bv‡g GK Rv‡ji g‡Z e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ K‡i|
(iv) dvBweªb-Rvj‡K †jvwnZ I †k¦ZKwYKv Rwo‡q hvq Ges †KvlRvZ Dcv`vb¸‡jv Ges i‡³i Zij Ask AvU‡K _v‡K, d‡j i³ RgvU †eu‡a hvq|

2| K) i³ evwnKv Kx?
L) jwmKvi msÁvmn KvR wjL|
M) DÏxc‡Ki cÖavb `yB evwnKvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|
N) DÏxc‡Ki MVb I KvR e¨vL¨v Ki|
2| K) i³evwnKv t †h mKj bvjxi gva¨‡g i³ ürwcÛ †_‡K †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡k Ges †`‡ni wewfbœ Ask ‡_‡K ürwc‡Û PjvPj K‡i, Zv‡`i‡K
i³ evwnKv e‡j| GK K_vq †h mKj bvjxi gva¨‡g i³ PjvPj K‡i Zv‡`i‡K i³ evwnKv e‡j|
L) jwmKvt - ˆKwkK RvwjKvi †f`¨ cÖvPx‡ii gva¨‡g i‡³i †h Zij Ask †ei n‡q wkiv I agwbi Rvj‡Ki ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i †`n‡Kvl mg~n‡K ùxZ
iv‡L, Zv‡K jwmKv e‡j| jwmKv GK ai‡bi Clr ¶viag©x ¯^”Q Kjvim hv jwmKv evwnKvi †fZi w`‡q cÖevwnZ nq Ges †`‡ni cÖwZwU †Kvl‡K wm³ iv‡L|

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