Page 79 - Zoology

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2| cÖkœt msÁv wjL t Rxb, cÖKU ‰ewkó¨, cÖ”Qbœ ˆewkó¨, †nv‡gvRvBMvm, †n‡U‡ivRvBMvm, A¨vwjj ev A¨vwj‡jvgd©, †Uóµm, e¨vKµm, wR‡bvUvBc,
wd†bvUvBc, g‡bvnvBweªW µm I WvBnvBweªWµm |
Rxb- Rxb ej‡Z DNA Gi †mB ¶z`ªZg GKK‡K eySvq hv Rx‡ei †Kvb wbw`©ó ‰ewkó¨ wbqš¿‡bi Avavi Ges AvZ¥ cÖRb‡b m¶g| Rx‡ei
cÖwZwU ‰ewkó¨ wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ GK‡Rvov Rxb `vqx| Rxb‡K Rx‡ei eskMwZi GKK ejv nq|
cÖKU ˆewkó¨- ci¯úi wecixZ ag©x GK‡Rvov ˆewk‡ó¨i g‡a¨ msKivqb NUv‡j †h ˆewkó¨wU cÖKvwkZ nq Zv‡K cÖKU ˆewkó¨ e‡j| cÖKU
ˆewkó¨wU †nv‡gvRvBMvm I †n‡U‡ivRvBMvm Ae¯’vq cÖKvwkZ nq| †hgb- gUiïwU Mv‡Qi j¤^v ˆewkó¨wU Lv‡Uv ˆewk‡ó¨i Dci cÖKU hv TT I Tt
Ae¯’vq cÖKvwkZ n‡Z cv‡i|
cÖ”Qbœ ˆewkó¨- ci¯úi wecixZ ag©x GK‡Rvov ˆewk‡ó¨i g‡a¨ msKivqb NUv‡j †h ˆewkó¨wU AcÖKvwkZ _v‡K Zv‡K cÖ”Qbœ ˆewkó¨ e‡j|
cÖ”Qbœ ˆewkó¨wU †KejgvÎ †nv‡gvRvBMvm Ae¯’vq cÖKvwkZ nq| gUiïwU Mv‡Qi j¤^v ˆewkó¨wU cÖKU I Lv‡Uv ˆewkó¨wU cÖ”Qbœ †KejgvÎ tt Ae¯’vq
cÖKvwkZ n‡Z cv‡i|
‡nv‡gvRvBMvm- Rx‡ei †Kvb ˆewkó¨ wbqš¿YKvix wRbØq hw` GKB iKg nq Z‡e Zv‡K †nv‡gvRvBMvm Ae¯’v e‡j| †nv‡gvRvBMvm Ae¯’vq
Rx‡ei cÖKU I cÖ”Qbœ Dfq ˆewkó¨B cÖKvwkZ n‡Z cv‡i|
‡n‡U‡ivRBMvm- Rx‡ei †Kvb ˆewkó¨ wbqš¿YKvix wRbØq hw` wfbœ wfbœ iKg nq Z‡e Zv‡K †n‡U‡ivRvBMvm Ae¯’v e‡j| †n‡U‡ivRvBMvm
Ae¯’vq cÖKU ˆewkó¨wU cÖKU ˆewkó¨wU cÖKvwkZ nq|
A¨vwjj ev A¨vwj‡jvgvd©- mgms¯’ (†nv‡gv‡jvMvm) †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi GKB †jvKv‡m Aew¯’Z RxbØq‡K ci¯úi ci¯ú‡ii A¨vwjj e‡j| Rx‡ei
cÖwZwU ‰ewkó¨ wbqš¿‡bi Rb¨ GK‡Rvov A¨vwjj _v‡K| †hgb- gUiïwU Mv‡Qi AvK…wZi Rb¨ TT,Tt ev tt A¨vwjj _v‡K|
‡U÷µm I e¨vKµm- cÖ_g es‡k Drcbœ msKi Rx‡ei mv‡_ cÖK…Z cÖ”Qbœ ˆewkó¨ m¤úbœ wcZvgvZvi msKivqb‡K †U÷µm e‡j|
g‡bvnvBweªWµ‡m †Uóµ‡m cÖvß AbycvZ 1t1| †Uóµ‡mi gva¨‡g cÖ_g esk Drcbœ mšÍv‡bi wR‡bvUvBc wbY©q Kiv nq|

Acic‡¶ cÖ_g es‡k Drcbœ msKi Rx‡ei mv‡_ †h †Kvb ˆewkó¨ m¤úbœ wcZvgvZvi msKivqb‡K e¨vKµm e‡j| Kv‡RB mKj †UóµmB GK
ai‡bi e¨Kµm|
wR‡bvUvBc t †Kvb Rx‡ei RxbMZ ˆewkó¨‡K wR‡bvUvBc e‡j| wR‡bvUvB‡ci DciB Rx‡ei evwn¨K ‰ewkó¨ ev wd‡bvUvBc wbf©i K‡i| cÖK…Z
ˆewkó¨ m¤úbœ Rx‡ei RxbØq GKB iKg nq †hgbt cÖK…Z j¤^vMv‡Qi wR‡bvUvBc TT ev Lv‡UvMv‡Qi wR‡bvUvBc tt| wKš‘ msKi Rx‡ei RxbØq wfbœ
cÖK…wZi nq †hgb msKi j¤^v Mv‡Qi wR‡bvUvBc Tt|

wd†bvUvBc t ‡Kvb Rx‡ei evwn¨K ˆewkó¨‡K wd‡bvUvBc e‡j| wd‡bvUvBc cÖK…Zc‡¶ wR‡bvUvBc Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq| †Kvb `ywU Rx‡ei
wd‡bvUvBc GKB n‡jI Zv‡`i wR‡bvUvBc GKB bvI n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb BB.Bb wR‡bvUvBc wewkó wMwbcM `ywU Kvj wKš‘ Rxb MZ w`K n‡Z wfbœ|

g‡bvnvBweªW µmt Rx‡ei GK‡Rvov wecixZag©x ˆewk‡ó¨i g‡a¨ msKivqb‡K GKmsKivqb ev g‡bvnvBweªW µm e‡j| †hgb- wMwbwc‡Mi
Kv‡jv I mv`v ˆewk‡ó¨i g‡a¨ µm |
WvBnvBweªWµm t wecixZag©x 2 †Rvov ˆewk‡ó¨i g‡a¨ msKivqb‡K wØmsKivqb ev WvBnvBweªWµm e‡j| †hgb- Kv‡jv Agm„b †jvgwewkó
wMwbwc‡Mi mv‡_ mv`v- gm„b †jvg wewkó wMwbwc‡Mi µm|

cÖkœ t Bb‡nwiU¨vÝ Gi †µv‡gv‡mvg ZË¡ eY©bv Ki|
Av‡gwiKvb weÁvbx William Sutton Ges Rvg©vb weÁvbx Thedor Boveri 1903 mv‡j e‡jb †h, †h †Kvb Pwi‡Îi wbqš¿K wRb¸‡jv
†µv‡gv‡mv‡g _v‡K Ges †Kvl wefvR‡bi mgq †µv‡gv‡mvg¸‡jv hLb c„_K n‡q wecixZ †giæ‡Z hvq ZLb wRb¸‡jvI GKB mv‡_ c„_K n‡q hvq| GB
gZev`‡K Bb‡nwiU¨vÝ Gi †µv‡gv‡mvg ZË¡ e‡j|
‡g‡Ûjxq wRb¸‡jv †Rvovq †Rvovq _v‡K Ges G‡`i GKwU gvZv †_‡K Av‡iKwU wcZv †_‡K Av‡m| †g‡Û‡ji cÖ_g m~Îvbymv‡i M¨vwgU m„wói
mgq G‡`i gv‡qvwmm ‡Kvl wefvR‡bi A¨vbv‡dR ch©v‡q wRb¸‡jv †Rvov †f‡O †Kv‡li `ycÖv‡šÍ ev †giæi w`‡K Pj‡Z _v‡K|
‡g‡Û‡ji wØZxq m~Îvbymv‡i GK‡Rvov wR‡bi c„_KxKi‡Yi mv‡_ Ab¨ †Rvov wR‡bi c„_KxKi‡Yi †Kvb m¤^Ü bvB Ges wewfbœ †Rvov wR‡bi
eÈb ¯^vaxbfv‡e nq| GKBfv‡e gv‡qvwm‡m gvZ… Ges wcZ… †µv‡gv‡mvg¸‡jvi eÈbI †hgb Lywkfv‡e nq| A_©vr cÖ_g gv‡qvwm‡mi cÖ‡dR `kvq A

A¨vwjjavix †µv‡gv‡mvg B A_ev b A¨vwjjavix †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi mv‡_ †hgb Lywkfv‡e Ges a A¨vwjjavix ‡µv‡gv‡mvg GKBfv‡e B A_ev b
A¨vwjjavix †h †Kvb A¨vwjjavix †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi mv‡_ †hgb Lywk †Rvoe× n‡Z cv‡i|

cÖkœt wj_vj Rxb wK? Dchy³ D`vniY mn Bnvi e¨vL¨v Ki/ 2:1 AbycvZ e¨vL¨v Ki/ †g‡Û‡ji cÖ_g m~‡Îi e¨wZµg eY©bv Ki|
wj_vj Rxb (Leathal gene)t mvaviYZ †Kvb Rxb I Zvi A¨vwjj †Kvb wbw`©ó ˆewk‡ó¨i wd‡bvUvBcMZ ˆelg¨ m„wó K‡i| wKš‘ eû‡¶‡Î
†`Lv hvq †h †Kvb ‡Kvb Rx‡bi A¨vwjj wd‡bvUvBcMZ ˆelg¨ m„wói cwie‡Z© Rx‡ei g„Zz¨ NUvq|
‡h me A¨vwj‡ji Rb¨ Rx‡ei g„Zz¨ N‡U Zv‡`i gviY Rxb ev wj_vj Rxb e‡j| wj_vj Rx‡bi Kvi‡Y wd‡bvUvBwcK AbycvZ
3 t 1 Gi cwie‡Z© 2 t 1 nq|
RxbZvwË¡K e¨vL¨v t
y
aiv hvK, Bu`y‡ii Mv‡qi njy`vf i‡Oi Rb¨ `vqx cÖKU Rxb A Ges
Mv‡qi †g‡U i‡Oi Rb¨ `vqx cÖ”Qbœ Rxb a.

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