Page 15 - Botany

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5. cwj‡ccUvBW †PBb Gi e„w× t 70S- mRNA- f met-tRNA ‡hŠM m„wó nevi ci mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW¸‡jv
GK wbw`©ó µ‡g hy³ n‡q cwj‡ccUvBW †PBb Gi e„w× NUvq| cÖwZwU ivB‡ev‡mv‡g P (Peptidyl) Ges A
(aminoacyl) bvgK `ywU ¯’vb _v‡K| f met-tRNA me©`vq P ¯’v‡b hy³ nq Ges A ¯’vbwU Aci tRNA i Rb¨ gy³
_v‡K| A ‡KvW‡bi mv‡_ †h tRNA i A¨vw›U‡KvW‡bi wgj _v‡K †mB tRNA Aci A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW‡K enb K‡i A

¯’v‡b hy³ K‡i|
Gici UªvÝdv‡iR-1 GbRvB‡gi Kvh©KvwiZvq P ¯’v‡bi A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW (f met) A ¯’v‡bi A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwm‡Wi
Mv‡q ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡q †ccUvBW eÜbx Øviv hy³ nq| †ccUvBW eÜbxi mv‡_ mv‡_ P ¯’v‡b tRNA gy³ nq| AZtci
UªvÝdv‡iR-II bvgK Aci GKwU GbRvBg ivB‡ev‡mvg‡K GwM‡q †bq; d‡j A ¯’v‡b tRNA hy³ A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW P
¯’v‡b P‡j Av‡m Ges A ¯’vbwU cybivq gy³ n‡q Aci tRNA hy³ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z nq| Gfv‡e cici wZbwU A¨vwg‡bv
A¨vwmW †ccUvBW eÜbx Øviv hy³ nq Ges GB c×wZ µgvMZ Pj‡Z _vKvq cwj‡ccUvBW †PBb Gi e„w× N‡U|
6. cwj‡ccUvBW †PBb Gi mgvwß t mRNA i UAA, UAG Ges UGA ‡KvWb wZbwU cwj‡ccUvBW †PBb mgvwßi KvR
K‡i e‡j G‡`i Kvh©¶gZvwenxb †KvWb e‡j| †PBb mgvwß †KvWb GKvwaK cÖfve‡Ki Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q †ccUvBW Gi
mgvwß NUvq| †ccUvBW †PB‡bi mgvwß NU‡j ivB‡ev‡mv‡gi DcGKK¸‡jv gy³ nq Ges cybivq †cÖvwUb ms‡køl‡Y e¨eüZ
nq|

18| wRb I †R‡bwUK †KvW m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki|

wRb t wRb n‡”Q DNA Gi ¶z`ª Ask hv functional protein ‰Zwi K‡i Ges hvi phenotypic effect we`¨gvb|
†nv‡gv‡jvMvm †µv‡gv‡mv‡g wRb †Rvovq †Rvovq Ae¯’vb K‡i| 1900 wLª÷v‡ã T. H. Morgan cÖgvb K‡ib †h, †h †Kvb GKwU
wbw`©ó wRb wbw`©ó †µv‡gv‡mv‡g wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i| Tatum (1959 ) ‡`Lvb †h, GKwU GbRvBg †Kej GKwU ˆRe
ivmvqwbK wewµqvi wbw`©ó avc wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges GKwU GbRvBg †Kej GKwU wbw`©ó wRb w`‡q wbqwš¿Z nq|
GKwU wRb 3wU Ask wb‡q MwVZ| h_v-
1. Promoter t GwU wRb Gi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AÂj †hLv‡b RNA polymerase G‡m hy³ n‡q UªvÝwµckb Gi m~Pbv
K‡i|
2. Coding sequence t Coding sequence Gi ïiæ nq UªvÝwµckb Gi m~Pbv we›`y n‡Z Ges †kl nq terminator

Øviv|
3. terminator t wR‡bi GB As‡k RNA polymerase Øviv UªvÝwµckb Gi cwjgvivB‡Rkb wµqv m¤úbœ nq|
wewfbœ M‡elYvi ZË¡ †_‡K Rvbv †M‡Q †h, wRbB eskMwZi wbqš¿K| wR‡bi wZbwU cÖavb PwiÎ n‡jv-
 ¯^wefvRb ( Self duplication )
 Ab¨ c`v‡_©i m„wó (heterocatalysis )
 wgD‡Ukb ( mutation )

‡R‡bwUK †KvW t wbw`©ó DNA †em wmKz‡qÝ Ges Giv †h A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW wb‡`©k ev specify K‡i Zv‡`i AbyiƒcZv‡K †R‡bwUK
†KvW e‡j| cÖwZwU wUªc‡jU wbDwK¬IUvBW‡K GKwU †KvWb e‡j|

DNA AYy‡Z Pvi ai‡bi bvB‡Uªv‡Rb †em _v‡K, h_v- A¨vwWwbb (A), ¸qvwbb (G), _vBwgb (T) Ges mvB‡Uvwmm (C)|
PviwU A¶‡ii (†em ) GB eY©gvjv †KvW cwien‡bi Rb¨ `vqx hv mxgvnxb msL¨K wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii †cÖvwUb ms‡køl NUvq| 20 ai‡bi
A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW Øviv †cÖvwUb ˆZwi nq Ges DNA †em mg~nB GB †KvW cÖ`vb K‡i|
‡R‡bwUK †Kv‡Wi ˆewkó¨ t
1. ‡KvW n‡jv wUªc‡jU †KvWb t †R‡bwUK †KvW n‡jv wUªc‡jU †KvW| Gi A_© n‡jv DNA Gi wZbwU †em †cÖvwUb wbg©v‡b

GKwU A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwm‡Wi †KvW ev ms‡KZ cÖ`vb K‡i|
[ Note- → hw` GKwU ‡em GKwU †KvW cÖ`vb K‡i Zvn‡j ïaygvÎ 4wU A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW w`‡q mKj †cÖvwUb MwVZ n‡e
→ hw` `ywU †em Øviv GKwU †KvW wba©viY nq Zvn‡j 16 cÖKvi †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g 16 ai‡bi A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwm‡Wi
ms‡KZ cÖ`vb m¤¢e hv 20 ai‡bi A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwm‡Wi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq|
→ hw` wZbwU †e‡mi mgš^‡q GKwU ‡KvW wba©vwiZ nq Zvn‡j 64 ai‡bi m¤¢ve¨ ms‡KZ cvIqv hvq hv 20 wU
A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwm‡Wi Rb¨ h‡_ó| ]
mbRq P›`ª gÛj, mnKvwi Aa¨vcK, Dw™¢` weÁvb wefvM, RqcyinvU miKvwi K‡jR, RqcyinvU| sanjoymondal1980@gmail.com Mob- 01713747235 15