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Over  time,  the  concept  of  race  has  morphed  across

            cultures  and  eras,  eventually  becoming  less  connected
            with  ancestral  and  familial  ties,  and  more  concerned
            with superficial physical characteristics.   6


            In contrast, early white abolitionists in the United States

            refuted  this  definition  of  the  so-called  black  race.
            Instead, their fervent views proclaimed that far from the

            subhuman,  brutish,  wild  animalistic  savage  portrayal
            imposed on an entire group of people, black slaves were
            humans. They were equal in stature and worth. They not

            only desired but deserved freedom like any other human
                                         6
            being that GOD Created.  Their view of race was quite
            antithetical to that of the slaveholding south.


            As  sociologist  Jon  D.  Cruz  documents  in  his  book
            "Culture  on  the  Margins,"  Christian  abolitionists,  in
            particular, contended that a soul was observable in the

            emotion  expressed  through  the  singing  of  slave  songs
            and hymns and that this was proof of the humanity of

            African  slaves.    Furthermore,  this  was  conclusive
            affirmation that slaves should be freed. In this instance,

            the  definition  of  race  served  as  the  philosophical
            rationale  for  the  political,  economic,  and  military

            ventures  of  the  north  against  the  southern  war  for
            secession. 6





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