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of the central nervous system.
The main functions of the cerebellum:
regulation of body posture and maintenance of muscle tone;
coordination and ensuring the accuracy of arbitrary movements.
The intermediate brain
The intermediate brain consists of the upper part – the thalamus, the lower part
– the hypothalamus.
The thalamus is the processing center for all types of information, except
olfactory, coming through the senses. In clusters of neurons of the thalamus,
information is partially processed and enters the cerebral cortex.
There are also higher centers of pain sensitivity in the thalamus, it is here that the
pain sensation is formed. For example, a person pinches his finger and feels pain in it.
In fact, the pain originated in the representation of the finger in the nuclei of the
thalamus, that is, where the signals came from the pain receptors of the pinched finger.
Groups of neurons that play the role of the body's internal clock have also been
found in the thalamus. Rhythmically discharging impulses, they allow a person to
assess the passage of time.
The hypothalamus is the main neuroendocrine organ. It ensures the constancy of
the internal environment of the body. Its neurons secrete into the blood a number of
regulators that control the activity of the pituitary gland. In the same nuclei,
physiologically active substances are synthesized that affect the perception of
information, emotions, the work of internal organs and more.
The centers of hunger and thirst are located in the hypothalamus.
Large hemispheres
The large hemispheres of the brain are divided by a deep longitudinal slit into
the left and right halves, which are connected by the corpus callosum – a bridge formed

by nerve fibers. This ensures the coordinated work of the hemispheres.
The cerebral cortex is the youngest brain formation in evolutionary terms. It is a
thin layer of gray matter (neuronal bodies), several millimeters thick, covering the
entire forebrain. The cortex is formed by several layers of neurons, and it includes most
of all the neurons of the human central nervous system.
There is a white substance under the bark. Subcortical nuclei are located in the
thickness of the white substance.
The frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes are distinguished in the cortex,
which are separated from each other by deep furrows (depressions) in which more than
half of the cortex is hidden. In addition to furrows, there are convolutions (folds). This
structure allows you to significantly increase the surface of the crust.

The deepest furrow is the central one, separating the frontal lobe from the
parietal, and the lateral (lateral) furrow limits the temporal lobe (figure 35).

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