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ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS FOR

MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Analog and digital electronic components are an integral part of mechatronic devices. Most
commonly used analog and digital electronic devices are discussed in this chapter. We start
with linear circuits, semiconductors, and discuss electronic switching devices (diodes and
transistors). This is followed by a discussion of analog operational amplifiers (op-amps).
Examples of proportional, derivative, integral, low pass, and high pass filters using op-amps
are discussed. Digital electronic circuit components are discussed last. The focus of the
discussions is on the input–output functionality of the devices, not the detailed modeling
of the input–output dynamics nor the details of their construction and manufacturing.

5.2 BASICS OF LINEAR CIRCUITS

Basic passive components of electrical circuits are (Figure 5.1) the resistor, capacitor, and
inductor. By passive components, we mean that the component can be connected to a
circuit with two terminal points without requiring its own power supply. Basic variables in
an electrical circuit are

1. voltage (potential difference analogous to pressure in hydraulic systems), and
2. current (flow of electrons, analogous to fluid flow).

The basic parameters of a typical electrical component involve three properties,

1. resistance, R,
2. capacitance, C,
3. inductance, L.

Current is the rate of charge flow through a conductor in a circuit,

dQ(t)
i(t) = (5.1)
dt
where Q(t) is the amount of electrical charge, “electrons,” that passes through the conductor.
The smallest unit of electrical charge is the electrical charge of an electron or of a proton.
+
−
The amount of electrical charge of an electron (e ) and that of proton (p )isthe same
Mechatronics with Experiments, Second Edition. Sabri Cetinkunt.
© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Companion Website: www.wiley.com/go/cetinkunt/mechatronics

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