Page 275 - Mechatronics with Experiments

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ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS FOR MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS 261

Thyristor
Diode Zener diode

Transistor
Triac
(a)

Quad AND gate chip Multiplexer Flip-flop chip

DAC chip ADC chip
(b)
FIGURE 5.9: Pictures of some commonly used semiconductor devices: discrete devices
(diode, transistor) and integrated circuit chips (ICs).

structure of silicon is similar to the diamond structure of carbon which is a very stable
structure (Figure 5.10b). A three-dimensional view of the crystal structure shows that each
silicon atom is surrounded by four other atoms and they each share one electron in each
connection (Figure 5.10a,b,c).
Impurities from group III and group V elements are added to pure silicon. The
resulting silicon is also called doped silicon. When a material from group III of the periodic