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Agricultural Investment in Sudan نادﻌسلا ﻎﺸ ﻎﺲارﺞلا رامﺑﺎﺠﻗا
Turning a Land of Potential into a Source of Livelihood, Stability, and Development ؟ﺋﻐمﻈتو رارﺼﺎﺠاو قزر رﺛﺧﻄ ىلإ صرفلا ضرأ لﻌﺗﻇ ﺷﻐﺾ
Amid the accumulated challenges that Sudan has faced over the past
decades , from economic crises to wars and social con icts ,agricultural Investment Shares and Potential by State ﺋﻐﺳﺻاو براﺔت :قافخ�او حاﺔﻈلا صﺧﺻ
investment has repeatedly been presented: sometimes as an urgent ﻦﻣ . ﺔﻴﺿﺎﻤﻟا دﻮﻘﻌﻟا لﻼﺧ نادﻮﺴﻟا ﺎﻫﺪﻬﺷ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻤﻛاﺮﺘﻤﻟا تﺎﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟا ﻢﻀﺧ ﻲﻓ
ﹸ
solution for food security, sometimes as a lever for economic growth, and ةرﺎﺗ حﺮﻄﻳ ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا رﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﻇ . ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟا تﺎﻋاﺮﺼﻟاو بوﺮﺤﻟاو ﺔﻳدﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻا تﺎﻣزﻷا
ﹰ
at other times as an opportunity to attract Arab and foreign capital. سوؤر بﺎﻄﻘﺘﺳﻻ ﺔﺻﺮﻔﻛ ﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣأو ،دﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻟ ﺔﻌﻓاﺮﻛ ةرﺎﺗو ،ﻲﺋاﺬﻐﻟا ﻦﻣﻸﻟ ﻞﺟﺎﻋ ﻞﺤﻛ
Yet despite all these narratives, the reality on the ground remains ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﻷاو ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا لاﻮﻣﻷا
unchanged: ﻦﻳداﺪﻔﻟا ﻦﻴﻳﻼﻣ ﺖﻟاز ﺎﻣ :ضرﻷا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻟا ﺖﻴﻘﺑ ،تﺎﺑﺎﻄﺨﻟا هﺬﻫ ﻞﻛ ﻊﻣ ﻦﻜﻟ
Millions of feddans remain uncultivated, and rural communities are still ﹼ
waiting for promises to be transformed into real harvests. ﹸ ﹰ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺣ دﺎﺼﺣ ﻰﻟإ دﻮﻋﻮﻟا لﻮﺤﻳ ﻦﻣ ﺮﻈﺘﻨﻳ ﻒﻳﺮﻟا لاز ﺎﻣو ،ﺔﻋارز ﻼﺑ
Agricultural investment is not merely an economic undertaking. In Sudan, ﻊﻃﺎﻘﺗ اﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ نادﻮﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻮﻫ .ﺔﺘﺤﺑ ﺔﻳدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ دﺮﺠﻣ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا رﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﻻا نإ
in particular, it represents an intersection between politics, society, the ﺢﺠﻨﻳ ﻻ ،ﻲﻋارز عوﺮﺸﻣ ﺢﺠﻨﻳ ﻦﻴﺤﻓ .ﺔﻴﻔﻳﺮﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟاو دﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻاو ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟاو ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻦﻴﺑ
economy, and rural development. When an agricultural project succeeds, ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟا ﺮﻌﺸﻳو ،قاﻮﺳﻷا كﺮﺤﺘﺗو ،ﻞﻤﻋ صﺮﻓ ﺢﺘﻔﻨﺗو ،ﺪﻠﺒﻟا ﺢﺑﺮﻳ ﻞﺑ ،هﺪﺣو ﺮﻤﺜﺘﺴﻤﻟا
it is not only the investor who benets: the entire country prospers, job عاﺰﻧ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻻ ﺮﻴﺧ رﺪﺼﻣ ترﺎﺻ ﻪﺿرأ نأ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻟا
ﹰ
opportunities arise, markets are activated, and local communities feel that فﺮﺘﻌﻧ نأ ﻻوأ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ،ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا رﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﻻا ﻦﻋ قﺪﺼﺑ ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟا ﺎﻧدرأ اذإ ،ﻚﻟﺬﻟ
their land has become a source of prosperity rather than a source of ﹼ
con ict. ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﻞﻗ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻫ تﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣإ كﺎﻨﻫ نأ
ﹰ
erefore, if we are to speak honestly about agricultural investment, we ﺎﻳرﺬﺟ ﺞﻟﺎﻌﺗ ﻢﻟ ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻋ ﻞﻛﺎﺸﻣ كﺎﻨﻫ نأ
must rst acknowledge the following truths: ﺔﻘﺜﻟاو ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟاو ﺔﺻﺮﻔﻟا ﻦﻴﺑ ﻖﻴﻗد نزاﻮﺘﺑ نﻮﻫﺮﻣ رﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﻻا حﺎﺠﻧ نأو
ere are immense capabilities, unmatched almost anywhere else in the ﺎﻬﺑﺎﺒﺳا و ﻞﻛﺎﺸﻤﻟا
region. Comparing Chaos and Opportunity ﹰ
ﹴ
ere are profound problems that have never been fundamentally ؟ﺋﺦرﺸ ىلإ ىضﻌفلا هﺜﻊ لﻌﺗﻇ ﺷﻐﺾ ﹰ ﺔﻋارز نود ةزﻮﺠﺤﻣ ضارأ :ﻲﻗرﻮﻟا رﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﻻا : ﻻوا
resolved. جاﺎﻇ�اب دﻌﺼﺳلا طبرو ﻎﺲارﺞلا رامﺑﺎﺠﻗا نﻌﻇاﺻ حﻘﺦإ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻓ عرﺰﺗ نأ نود ﺐﻧﺎﺟأو ﻦﻴﻴﻠﺤﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺜﺘﺴﻤﻟ ﺖﺼﺼﺧ ﺔﻧﺪﻓﻷا ﻦﻣ فﻻﻵا تﺎﺌﻣ
And the success of investment depends on a delicate balance between ضرﻷا ﻊﻴﺑ ةدﺎﻋﻹ وأ ﺔﻴﻓﺮﺼﻣ ضوﺮﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ دﻮﻘﻌﻟا اﻮﻠﻐﺘﺳا ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺜﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ
opportunity, organization, and trust. اً رﻋﺣ 12 لﻘخ ﺋﺗضاو جاﺎﻇإ ﺋطﺚب رمﺑﺎسملا مﺞﻂﻏ نﻌﻇاﺻ راﺛﺦإ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻟا
A Precise Map of Deep-Rooted Problems ﺋﻐﻈﺬو ﺋطﻏرخ ىﻂﺲ ﺋﻐمﺻر تاﻐﺐاﺛﺖإب دﻌﺼﺳلا طبر جﺎﺘﻧإ ﻼﺑ ﺔﻧﺪﻓﻷا ﻦﻴﻳﻼﻣ ﺪﻴﻤﺠﺗ
Paper Investments: Land Allocated but Never Cultivated ﻎﺳمﺎﺔﻄ كﻏرﺣ دﻌجﻌب عورﺤﻄ ﻀﺾ ماﺞلإ
Hundreds of thousands of feddans have been granted to local and foreign ﺔﻘﺜﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟا تﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟا ناﺪﻘﻓ
investors but never farmed. عﻏراﺤملا ﺋﺳباﺎﻄو ﻃﻐﻐﺼﺎل ﺋﻂﺼﺎسﻄ ةﺛﺖو ﺟﻐﺠأت ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﻊﻳرﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﻴﻄﻌﺗ
ﹰ
Some investors used contracts: اﻐﻂﺲ ﺋﺆﻐﻊ وأ ءارزﻌلا ﺟﻂﺔمل عﺊﺎت ﻢﻈﻨﻤﻟاو عداﺮﻟا ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻃﻹا بﺎﻴﻏ :ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ
As collateral to obtain bank loans. ﺋﻏﻌﺔلا رﻌﺧلاو رﻏراﺼﺎلاب زاﺔﻇ�ا ﺈﺻارت رﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﻳرﺎﺸﻤﻟ ةﺪﺣﻮﻣ ﺔﻴﻨﻃو تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻻ
Or to resell the land informally. A Double-Edged Financing Challenge جﺎﺘﻧإ تاﺮﺷﺆﻣ وأ ﻲﻨﻣز لوﺪﺠﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗ ﻻ دﻮﻘﻌﻟا
is practice resulted in: For serious investors: ﺟﺲاﺼﺎلا ﺛﻈﺲ دﻌﺼﺳلا ﺈﺗﺠ ﻦﻴﺴﻋﺎﻘﺘﻤﻟا ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺜﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻲﺿارﻷا ﺐﺤﺴﻟ ﺔﺤﺿاو ﺔﻴﻟآ ﻻ
Millions of idle feddans with no production. Diculty accessing bank nance without formal collateral. ﺋﻐﺳمﺎﺔﻄ–ﺋﻐﻄﻌﺿﺖ ﺋﺾارﺣ قوﺛﻈﺦ ءاﺤﻇإ ﹰ
Eroded trust among local communities. High interest rates (up to 20%). ﺋﻏﻌمﻈﺎلا تامﺰﻈملاو ﺋلوﺛلا ﺋمﻊاسﻄ ﺢﻳرﺎﺼﺘﻟا ةرﺎﺠﺗو يرادﻹا دﺎﺴﻔﻟا:ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ
Blocking serious projects due to overlapping claims and fraudulent For opportunists: ﻦﻴﺑ ﻞﺧاﺪﺘﻟا
contracts. Easier access to development loans with no real oversight. ماﺞﺎلﻗا ﻆمﺪﻏ كرﺎﺤﻄ ﻀﻏﻌمت ﺔﻳدﺎﺤﺗﻻاو ﺔﻴﺋﻻﻮﻟا رﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﻻا تارادإ
Lack of a Strong Legal and Regulatory Framework Funding disappearing without any production impact. اﻋﺊﻏرﺛتو ﺋﻐﻂﺗملا ﺋلامﺳلا ﻀﻐﺶﺤت ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا تارازو
No unied national database of agricultural investment projects. Absence of Post-Harvest Systems ﻎﺲارﺞلا ﻀﻏﻌمﺎلا ﺋﻂﺿﻐﻊ ةداﺲإ ﻲﺿارﻷا تارادإ
Contracts are not linked to production timelines or clear benchmarks.
No eective mechanism to withdraw land from negligent investors. Even successful farms struggle with marketing and storage: ﻎﻂﺳﺸ مﺛﺼت ﻀباﺼﻄ ﻀﺖارﻄ ىﻂﺲ ﻀﻏﻌمﺎلا دﻮﻘﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﺟاودزاو ﻞﺑ ،ىوﺎﺷﺮﻟاو ةﺮﺳﺎﻤﺴﻠﻟ بﺎﺒﻟا ﺢﺘﻔﻳ ﺪﻴﻘﻌﺘﻟا اﺬﻫ
ﹰ
Genuine investors feel insecure: the authority granting the land today No ocial aggregation centers. ﺋﻐلود تامﺰﻈﻄ ﻆﻄ يﺛج ﻃﻐﻐﺼت (FAO – IFAD) ﺔﻴﻠﻫﻷا تارادﻹاو ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟا تﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟا ﻊﻣ تﺎﻣاﺪﺻ:ﺎﻌﺑار
might revoke it tomorrow without legal safeguards. Post-harvest losses in some crops reach 40%. ﺋﺗضاو ﺜﻐفﻈت تاﻇامض طارﺎﺣا ﻲﻟﺎﻫﻷا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻛاﺮﺸﻟا بﺎﻴﻏ
Administrative Corruption and the "Permit Trade" No cold chains or specialized transport networks. ﺔﻴﺨﻳرﺎﺘﻟا ضرﻷا ناﺪﻘﻓ ﻦﻣ فﻮﺨﻟا
Acquiring agricultural land requires navigating: How to Turn Chaos into Opportunity? ﺋﺾرﺎﺤملا ﺋﻐﺎﺗﺎلا ﺋﻐﻈﺊلا رﻏﻌطت ﺐﻳﺮﺨﺘﻟا وأ ﻞﻴﻄﻌﺘﻠﻟ ﻞﺼﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟا ﺾﻓر
State-level investment oces. Reform the Agricultural Investment Law and Tie Contracts to ﺋﻐجذﻌمﻇ رامﺑﺎﺠا ﺺﺬاﻈﻄ ﻆﺲ نﻘﺲ�ا (Agri-Hubs) ﹰ
Ministries of Agriculture and Investment. Production ﺈﻏرﺛﺎلا ﺞﺾارﻄو ءابرﻋﺿلا رﻐﺸﻌتو قرطلا ﺛﻐﻋمت ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷا ﺔﻴﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟا بﺎﻴﻏ:ﺎﺴﻣﺎﺧ
ﹰ
Land registries. Enact a new law mandating a clear production plan within 12 70% تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛاﺮﻣو ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟاو قﺮﻄﻟا ﻦﻋ اﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻊﻘﺗ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤﻟا ﻲﺿارﻷا ﻦﻣ
Even security agencies in some areas. months. رامﺑﺎﺠﻗا دﻌﺼﺲ ﻀﺿل ﺋﻂﻄاﺣ ﺋﺳجارﻄ ﻪﺘﻳاﺪﺑ ﻞﺒﻗ عوﺮﺸﻤﻟا ﺾﻬﺠﺗ ﺪﻗ ﺔﻴﺘﺴﺟﻮﻠﻟا ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘﻟا
ﹰ
is complexity opens the door to: Digitally link all contracts to a national mapping system. 2010 ﺜﻈﻄ ﺋﺖﻌﻈمملا دﻌﺼﺳلا ﻃﻐﻐﺼت ﺔﺟودﺰﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻳﻮﻤﺗ ﻞﻛﺎﺸﻣ :ﺎﺳدﺎﺳ
Brokers and middlemen selling “unocial facilitation.” اﻋﺖرﺬ ةداﺲإو ﺋﻂﺶﺎسملا رﻐغ ﻎضارﻓا ﺈﺗﺠ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ طوﺮﺸﺑ ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ :دﺎﺠﻟا ﺮﻤﺜﺘﺴﻤﻟا
Bribes to speed up processes or bypass regulations. Require every project to include a local community partner.
Duplicate contracts for the same land. Establish an Independent Project Evaluation Unit ﺋﻐﺸافﺤب ﺒئاﺎﻈلا رﺤﻇ ﺔﺑﺎﻗر نود ضوﺮﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﻬﺳ :نﻮﻟﺎﺘﺤﻤﻟا
ﹰ
Con ict with Local Communities and Traditional Authorities Reporting to the Cabinet or a higher investment council. ؟ا ً ﺿﻏرﺣ نﻌﺿﻏ نأ ﻎﻂﺗملا عمﺎﺔملا ﺺﺗﺎسﻏ اذامل دﺎﺼﺤﻟا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ماﺪﻌﻧا: ﺎﻌﺑﺎﺳ
Many projects failed because they lacked genuine partnership with Functions: ﺋﻐمﺠﻌﻄو ﺋﺎباﺐ ﻀمﺲ صرﺸ ﺔﻴﻤﺳر ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﻻ
communities. Verifying investor seriousness. 40% ﻰﻟإ ﻞﺼﻳ دﺎﺼﺤﻟا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ
People see the land as communal or ancestral property and fear losing it. Monitoring via aerial imagery and seasonal reports. هاﻐﻄ ،ءابرﻋﺾ ،قرﺬ ﺋﻐﺠاﺠﻓا تاﻄﺛﺚلا ﻆﻐسﺗت ﺄﻴﻬﻣ ﻞﻘﻧ وأ ﺪﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﻻ
Local rejection can escalate to obstruction, or even sabotage, of the Issuing warnings and revoking contracts when needed. ﺋﻐﺲارﺞلا تاراﻋملا رﻏﻌطت
project. Create a Public–Community Investment Partnership Fund ﻎفﻏرلا داﺧﺎﺻﻗا كﻏرﺗت تاﻏﻗﻌلا ﺈسﺖ ﺋﻏرامﺑﺎﺠﻗا تاﻐﻇاﺿﻄ�او رامﺑﺎﺠﻗا ﺈسﻇ
Lack of Basic Service Infrastructure Funded by government and development agencies.
Over 70% of allocated investment lands are far from: Acting as a minority shareholder in each project (e.g., 10%) to ensure ﺋﻐمﻈﺎﻂل ءامﺎﻇﻗاو ﺋﺼﺑلا ﺞﻏﺞﺳت
Paved roads. ماﺎﺚلا
Reliable electricity. accountability. ﻆﻄ ﻎﻇاﺳﻏ ﻀب ،صرفلا وأ هاﻐملا وأ ضرﻓا ﻎﺸ صﺼﻇ ﻆﻄ ﻎﻇاﺳﻏ ﻗ نادﻌسلا
Agricultural extension or veterinary services. Supporting local employment and training.
Logistics costs alone can derail a project before it starts. Restructure Agricultural Financing ﺋلءاسملاب رامﺑﺎﺠﻗا طبرو ﺋﻏؤرلا حﻌضوو ماﺰﻈلا باﻐغ
Success and Failure Stories: Real Lessons Financing disbursed in phases tied to measurable progress. ﻀﻏﻌمتو جاﺎﻇإ رﺛﺧﻄ حﺊﺧﻏ نأ ﻆﺿمﻏ ناﺛﺸ ﻀﺾ نإﺸ ،ﺋﻄﻌﺰﻈملا ﺌﺗﻂﺦُ أ اذإ
Project feasibility assessed by international bodies (FAO, IFAD). ،ةورﺑلا ﻎﺸ طﺼﺸ ﺟﻐل طﻏرفت ﻌﻋﺸ ،اﻋلاﺖ ىﻂﺲ رﻌﻄﻓا كرت اﻄأ .رارﺼﺎﺠاو
Funding only for ventures with credible execution guarantees (equip-
ment, technical partners). هﻂمﺾأب ﻆﺬو ﻀﺊﺼﺎسﻄ ﻎﺸ ﻀب
Develop Shared Infrastructure in Investment Zones
Designate model agricultural hubs (Agri-Hubs).
Government to provide roads, power, training centers.
Investors focus on production and operations.
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