Page 14 - Siaf 2025

Challenges of Agricultural Technology Transfer

Agricultural technologies are the driving force behind any real agricultural transforma-
tion. They lead to improved productivity, optimized resource use, and enhanced food
security. In Sudan where agricultural systems range from traditional, labor-intensive
practices to modern, mechanized operations—there are significant challenges in transfer-
ring and localizing agricultural technologies across both sectors.
Overview of the Traditional and Modern Sectors
Traditional Sector:
This sector includes the majority of smallholder farmers who rely on manual tools and
cultivate small plots. It is mainly concentrated in Darfur, Kordofan, Blue Nile, and parts of
other states. It suffers from weak infrastructure and limited access to agricultural services.
Modern Sector:
This sector comprises large-scale commercial farms and agricultural projects that use
mechanization and advanced techniques. It is more common in areas like Gedaref,
Sennar, and Gezira. While it is more capable of adopting technologies, it faces its own
financial and logistical barriers.
What Are Agricultural Technologies?
These include all tools, inputs, and practices that improve:
Crop production (improved seeds, fertilizers).
Livestock production (better breeds, feeding systems).
Water efficiency (drip or sprinkler irrigation).
Pest control (biological and eco-friendly pesticides).
Smart solutions (climate apps, remote advisory, digital platforms).
Challenges in the Traditional Sector
Weak Farmer Organization:
Absence of cooperatives or producer groups.
Difficulties accessing services individually.
Low bargaining power in markets.
Lack of Basic Agricultural Inputs:
Limited availability of improved seeds and agrochemicals.
High costs and poor market access.
Inadequate Extension Services:
Shortage of qualified advisors.
Low use of digital advisory tools.
Limited Access to Finance:
Farmers lack the collateral required by banks.
Reliance on informal and often exploitative credit sources.
Poor Market Integration:
Lack of aggregation centers and storage facilities.
Dependence on middlemen and low profit margins.
Challenges in the Modern Sector
High Cost of Technologies:
Import-dependent with fluctuating foreign currency rates.
Maintenance and spare part availability issues.
Lack of Skilled Technical Labor:
Limited training in operating and maintaining modern machinery.
Weak Applied Research Linkages:
Research institutions are not fully integrated into production systems.
Inadequate Long-Term Finance:
Most financing is short-term and doesn't suit the needs of large-scale operations.
Infrastructure Constraints:
Poor transport, electricity, and telecommunications in production areas.
Role Distribution
The Role of the Government:
Develop and implement supportive policies and regulations.
Build enabling infrastructure (roads, electricity, water, telecom).
Invest in research, education, extension, and technology transfer.
The Role of the Private Sector:
Invest in production, agro-processing, and agri-business.
Supply inputs, finance, and services.
Engage in marketing and exporting agricultural products.
The Role of Farmers and Farmer Organizations:
Adopt new technologies.
Organize into cooperatives or groups.
Participate in conserving natural resources.
Toward Effective Solutions
Pilot and localize technologies through field demonstrations.
Simplify technical models to suit smallholder conditions.
Develop inclusive, low-cost financing mechanisms.
Utilize media and digital platforms for knowledge dissemination.
Build strong partnerships (Government – Private Sector – Development Agencies).
Conclusion
The transfer and adoption of agricultural technologies in Sudan is not a luxury it is a neces-
sity for achieving sustainable agricultural development. This process requires strong
political will, effective partnerships, and a shared vision that aligns state capabilities,
private sector innovation, and farmers’ needs. Only then can agriculture become a produc-
tive, attractive, and resilient sector for Sudan’s future.

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