Page 9 - Siaf 2025

بﺮﺤﻟا ﺪﻌﺑ نادﻮﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا عﺎﻄﻘﻟا رﺎﻤﻋإ ةدﺎﻋإ

Rebuilding the Agricultural Sector in Sudan After the War ﹰ ﹸ
ﹰ .ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹا دراﻮﻤﻟاو ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻠﻟ اﺮﻴﻣﺪﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا ﺮﺜﻛأ ﻦﻣ بوﺮﺤﻟا ﺪﻌﺗ
اراﺮﺿأ ﻒﻠﺧ ﺎﻤﻣ ،بﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا عﺎﻄﻘﻠﻟ رﺎﻣد ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺒﻛأ ﻰﻟإ نادﻮﺴﻟا ضﺮﻌﺗ ﺪﻗو
ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟا يﺪﻳﻷا ناﺪﻘﻓو ،جﺎﺘﻧﻹا ﺔﻄﺸﻧأ ﻒﻗﻮﺗو ،يﺮﻟا تﺎﻜﺒﺷ رﺎﻴﻬﻧا ﻲﻓ ﺖﻠﺜﻤﺗ ةﺮﻴﺒﻛ
ﹸ جﺎﺘﻧﻹا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻴﻋراﺰﻤﻟا فﻻآ حوﺰﻧ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ،ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا
Wars are among the most devastating factors impact- ﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﺑ ،ﺐﺴﺤﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا تﺎﺣﻼﺻﻹا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺼﺘﻘﺗ ﻻ ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا عﺎﻄﻘﻟا رﺎﻤﻋإ ةدﺎﻋإ نإ
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ing agricultural infrastructure and productive resources. ،ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﺗارازو ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻣ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟا ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻌﺳاو ﺎﻘﻴﺴﻨﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﺘﺴﻳ ﻼﻣﺎﻜﺘﻣ ﺎﻴﻨﻃو ﺎﻋوﺮﺸﻣ
Sudan has witnessed the most extensive destruction of its ﻪﻟ تﺎﻬﺠﻟا هﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ .ﻢﻬﺴﻔﻧأ ﻦﻴﻋراﺰﻤﻟاو ،ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا تﺎﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟا ،كﻮﻨﺒﻟا ،صﺎﺨﻟا عﺎﻄﻘﻟا
agricultural sector due to the recent war, resulting in a ﻲﺋاﺬﻐﻟا ﻦﻣﻷا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗو ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا عﺎﻄﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻋ ةدﺎﻌﺘﺳا ﻲﻓ يرﻮﺤﻣ رود
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complete collapse of irrigation networks, cessation of ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟا تﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺐﺴﺣ رﺎﻤﻋﻹا ةدﺎﻋإ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣو روﺎﺤﻤﻟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ضﺮﻋ ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ
production activities, the mass displacement of thousands of Adopting group lending systems and expanding agricultur- ﺔﻴﻧادﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟا رود :ﻻوأ
farmers from production zones, and the loss of agricultural al insurance. ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟا ءﺎﻨﺑ ةدﺎﻋإ
labor and value chains. 3. Role of Commercial Banks ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا تﺎﻄﺤﻣو ،ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻤﻟا ،نزﺎﺨﻤﻟا ،يﺮﻟا تﺎﻜﺒﺷ ﻞﻴﻫﺄﺗ ةدﺎﻋإو ﻢﻴﻣﺮﺗ
Rebuilding Sudan's agricultural sector is not merely a techni- Encouraging Sharia-compliant ‹nancing solutions for جﺎﺘﻧﻹا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻰﻟإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟا ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا قﺮﻄﻟا تﺎﻜﺒﺷ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗ
cal matter of infrastructure repair, but a comprehensive agricultural investments. ﺐﻳرﺪﺘﻟاو ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا دﺎﺷرﻹا
national project requiring broad coordination among all ns. ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا دﺎﺷرﻹا ﻲﻓ تﺎﺑﺎﻐﻟاو ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ةرازو رود ﻞﻴﻌﻔﺗ
stakeholders. ese include the government, represented by Enabling value chain development for agricultural ﺔﻴﻔﻳﺮﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺔﻳدﺎﺷرإ ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ءﺎﺸﻧإ
relevant ministries (Agriculture, Irrigation, Finance, Econo- products. ﺔﺜﻳﺪﺤﻟا ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﺄﺑ ﻦﻴﻋراﺰﻤﻟا ﻲﻋو ﻊﻓﺮﻟ ﺔﻴﺒﻳرﺪﺗ ﺞﻣاﺮﺑ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ
my, and Planning), the private sector, banks, especially the تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗو ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا ﺔﻨﻤﻗﺮﻟا
Agricultural Bank of Sudan, international organizations, Fourth: Role of International and Develop- تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗو ﻊﻤﺠﺑ يﺮﻟا ةرازوو ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ةرازوو ءﺎﺼﺣﻺﻟ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻘﻟا ﺔﺌﻴﻬﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ
farmers, and local communities. ment Organizations ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا ﺮﻃﺎﺨﻤﻟاو جﺎﺘﻧﻹا ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻢﻈﻧ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا
Below is a detailed outline of the key axes and phases of the 1. Emergency Support ﺔﻘﻴﻗد تﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼﻟ ﻲﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟا ﺐﻧﺎﺠﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻤﻗﺮﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟا
reconstruction process according to each stakeholder: Supplying farmers with essential inputs like ﻲﻟود ﻖﻴﺴﻨﺗو ﺔﻤﻋاد تﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻦﺳ
First: Role of the Sudanese Government seeds, fertilizers, and tools. ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا رﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﺠﺸﺗ ﻦﻴﻧاﻮﻗ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ
1. Rebuilding Agricultural Infrastructure 2. Capacity Building ﻲﻟﺎﻣو ﻲﻨﻓ ﻢﻋد ﻰﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﻦﻴﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ءﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟا ﻊﻣ ﻖﻴﺴﻨﺘﻟا
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Rehabilitating irrigation networks, storage facilities, power Training local farmers on sustainable farming ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻤﻟا دراﻮﻤﻟاو يﺮﻟا ةرازو رود :ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ
stations, and agricultural service centers. and climate resilience. ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟا ﺔﻌﺳﻮﺗو ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ
Repairing rural roads and transport routes linking produc- 3. Community and Cooperative Financing ﹰ بﺮﺤﻟا ﻞﻌﻔﺑ ترﺮﻀﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا عﺮﺘﻟاو يﺮﻟا تاﻮﻨﻗ ﻞﻴﻫﺄﺗو ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻣ
tion areas to markets. Supporting agricultural cooperatives with grants ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا تﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟاو صﺎﺨﻟا عﺎﻄﻘﻟا رود :ﺎﺴﻣﺎﺧ هﺎﻴﻤﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ نﺎﻤﻀﻟ تﺎﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔﻌﺳﻮﺗو يرﺎﺠﻤﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
2. Agricultural Extension and Training and soft loa جﺎﺘﻧﻹاو رﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﻻا ﻲﺴﻴﺋر ير رﺪﺼﻤﻛ دوﺪﺴﻟا
Activating the role of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forest- Fifth: Role of the Private Sector and Agricultural Compa- ﻲﺋاﺬﻏو يرﺎﺠﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﻃ تاذ ﺔﻴﻋارز ﻊﻳرﺎﺸﻣ ءﺎﺸﻧإ ىﺮﺒﻜﻟا ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا ﻊﻳرﺎﺸﻤﻟا ير ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟا دوﺪﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ةدﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻا
ry in ‹eld-based agricultural extension. nies ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟا ﻞﻘﻧ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻣ تاﻮﻨﻗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺴﻧﻻا يﺮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةدﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻا ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ
Establishing specialized training and extension centers 1. Investment in Production Projects هﺎﻴﻤﻟا ةرادإ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﺣ تﺎﻴﻨﻘﺗ لﺎﺧدإ
across the states. Launching commercial ventures that contribute to food securi- ﺔﻴﺴﻤﺸﻟا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟاو ﺔﻴﻛﺬﻟا يﺮﻟا ﻢﻈﻧ لﺎﺧدإ ﺪﻗﺎﻔﻟا ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟ شﺮﻟاو ﻂﻴﻘﻨﺘﻟﺎﺑ يﺮﻟا ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗو ﻢﻋد
Designing training programs to teach modern farming ty. ﻊﺳاو قﺎﻄﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا ﺔﻨﻜﻴﻤﻟا ﻲﻨﺒﺗ ﺎﻬﻌﻳزﻮﺗو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻤﻟا دراﻮﻤﻟا ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟ تﺎﺳارد ءاﺮﺟإ ﹰ
techniques and resource management. Advancing contract farming and agro-industrial integration. ﻦﻴﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا رﺎﻐﺻ ﻢﻋد ﻲﻧادﻮﺴﻟا ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا ﻚﻨﺒﻟاو كﻮﻨﺒﻟا رود :ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ
3. Agricultural Digitization and Data Analysis 2. Adoption of Agricultural Technology ﺐﻳرﺪﺘﻟاو ﺪﻳرﻮﺘﻟا ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﺔﻳﺪﻗﺎﻌﺗ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺘﻟا ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ
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Forming expert committees from the Ministry of Agricul- Introducing smart irrigation and renewable energy solutions. ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟا تﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟاو ﻦﻴﻋراﺰﻤﻟا رود :ﺎﺳدﺎﺳ ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا نادﻮﺴﻟا ﻰﻘﺘﻠﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻰﺻوأ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻲﻧادﻮﺴﻟا ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا ﻚﻨﺒﻟا لﺎﻣ سأر ةدﺎﻳز
ture, Central Bureau of Statistics, and Ministry of Irrigation Expanding mechanization and post-harvest services. ﻲﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟا
to collect and analyze data. 3. Supporting Smallholders جﺎﺘﻧﻹاو ةدﻮﻌﻟا ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا جﺎﺘﻧﻹا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻟ ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺘﻟا ﻰﻟإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟا ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ
Using GIS systems and data analytics to assess production Providing bundled services, including training, �inancing, and ﻲﻣﺪﺧو ﻲﻨﻣأ ﻢﻋﺪﺑ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻄﻟا ةدﻮﻌﻟا ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا ﻚﻨﺒﻟا عوﺮﻓ ﻊﻴﺳﻮﺗ
and agricultural risks. marketing. ﺔﻣاﺪﺘﺴﻣ تﺎﺳرﺎﻤﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟ تﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟاو ﻢﻴﻟﺎﻗﻻﺎﺑ عوﺮﻓ ﺎﻬﺑ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻚﻨﺒﻠﻟ هﺪﻳﺪﺟ عوﺮﻓ ﺢﺘﻓ
ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺘﻟا ةﻮﺠﻓ
Applying digital tools institutionally for policy planning, Sixth: Role of Farmers and Local Communities ﻞﻴﺻﺎﺤﻤﻟا ﻊﻳﻮﻨﺗو ﺔﻳﻮﻀﻌﻟا ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا لﺎﺧدا تاءاﺮﺟﻹا ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ
without burdening farmers with technological demands at 1. Safe Return and Resumption of Production ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻟا نوﺎﻌﺘﻟا ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺟ نﺎﻤﺿ مﺎﻈﻧ دﺎﻤﺘﻋا
this stage. Supporting voluntary return through security and essential ةﺪﻘﻌﻤﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﻤﻀﻟا ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺗو ضوﺮﻘﻟا طوﺮﺷ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ
4. Policy Frameworks and International Coordination services. تاﺮﺒﺨﻟا لدﺎﺒﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧإ تﺎﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺘﻟا كﻮﻨﺒﻟا رود
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Issuing legislation to encourage agricultural investment and 2. Sustainable Farming Practices ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا ﺔﻨﻤﻗﺮﻟاو ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟا :ﺎﻌﺑﺎﺳ ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا ﻊﻳرﺎﺸﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻛرﺎﺸﻤﻟاو ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹا ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺘﻟا ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺗ
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support cooperatives. Promoting crop diversi�ication, organic farming, and local ﺔﻨﻤﻗﺮﻠﻟ ﻲﺴﺳﺆﻤﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﻳﻮﻤﻨﺘﻟاو ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا تﺎﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟا رود :ﺎﻌﺑار
Enhancing international partnerships for ‹nancial and resource use. ءﺎﺼﺣﻹا تﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣو ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟا ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻟ ﻲﻧاﺪﻴﻤﻟاو ﻞﺟﺎﻌﻟا ﻢﻋﺪﻟا
technical support. 3. Community Organization ﻞﻛﺎﺸﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗو ،تﺎﻓﻵا ،ﻞﻴﺻﺎﺤﻤﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ تاﺪﻌﻣ ،ةﺪﻤﺳأ ،روﺬﺑ - ﻦﻴﻋراﺰﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا تﻼﺧﺪﻤﻟا ﺮﻴﻓﻮﺗ
Second: Role of the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Establishing productive associations and cooperatives to تارﺪﻘﻟا ءﺎﻨﺑ
Resources exchange experience and ease �inancing access. ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ لﻮﻠﺣ ﻊﺿﻮﻟ ﻲﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻒﻴﻜﺘﻟاو ﺔﻣاﺪﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟا رداﻮﻜﻟا ﺐﻳرﺪﺗ
1. Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Irrigation Infrastruc- Seventh: Agricultural Digitization and Technology ﺔﻴﻤﻗﺮﻟا ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗ تﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟا ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺗ
ture 1. Institutional Use of Technology ﺪﻣﻷا ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ رﺎﻤﻋﻹا تﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻲﻓ ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻧﻹا جاردإ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺳﻼﺳو ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا تﺎﻴﻧوﺎﻌﺘﻟا ﻢﻋد
Inspecting and rehabilitating war-damaged canals and water Leveraging digital systems for government and statistical use ﺮﻜﺒﻤﻟا راﺬﻧﻹاو ﺔﻴﻤﺤﻤﻟا ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا
routes. in policy-making. ﺔﻴﻤﺤﻤﻟا تﻮﻴﺒﻟا ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ
Clearing irrigation paths and ensuring e”cient water •ow. 2. Improving Digital Infrastructure
2. Operation of Dams Integrating internet access into long-term reconstruction ﺔﻴﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا ثراﻮﻜﻟاو تﺎﻓﻶﻟ ﺮﻜﺒﻣ ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ ﻢﻈﻧ ءﺎﺸﻧإ
Utilizing existing dams to irrigate large agricultural projects. strategies in rural areas. ﺔﻤﺗﺎﺧ
Reviewing and expanding canal systems that feed gravi- 3. Protected Agriculture and Early Warning Systems بﺮﺤﻟا ﺪﻌﺑ نادﻮﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا عﺎﻄﻘﻟا رﺎﻤﻋإ ةدﺎﻋإ
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ty-based irrigation. Developing early warning systems for pests and climate events. ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﺤﺿاو ﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﺎﻄﻴﻄﺨﺗو ﻼﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻘﻴﺴﻨﺗ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ
3. Modern Irrigation Techniques Promoting protected agriculture as a tool for sustainability. ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻟاو ﻲﺋاﺬﻐﻟا ﻦﻣﻷا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ نإ .ﻦﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ
Promoting drip and sprinkler irrigation systems to reduce Conclusion
water loss. Rebuilding Sudan’s agricultural sector is not merely about ﺮﺒﻋ ﻻإ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻳ ﻦﻟ ﺔﻳدﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻا
Conducting scienti‹c assessments to ensure fair water restoring the past it is about creating a more ef�icient, equita- ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟا ﻢﻋد
resource allocation. ble, and sustainable future. The success of this effort hinges on ﻊﺳاوو لدﺎﻋ ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺗ
ird: Role of Banks, Especially the Agricultural Bank of coordinated collaboration among all stakeholders: ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟا ﻲﻨﺒﺗ
Sudan The Government: through regulatory and technical ministries. ﻞﺣاﺮﻤﻟا ﻞﻛ ﻲﻓ عراﺰﻤﻟا كاﺮﺷإ
1. Expanding Agricultural Financing The Ministry of Irrigation: in managing water resources and
Implementing recommendations from the Sudan Global infrastructure. ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا نادﻮﺴﻟا ﻰﻘﺘﻠﻣ تﺎﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﻢﺗ ﺎﻣ اذإو
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Agricultural Forum to increase the bank’s capital. The Agricultural Bank of Sudan: by expanding services and روﺪﻟاو ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ،ﺮﻴﺧﻷا ﻲﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟا
Opening new branches in underserved production areas. funding. تﺎﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟا ﻞﻳﻮﺤﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ردﺎﻗ نادﻮﺴﻟا نﺈﻓ ،ﻲﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟا
2. Simplifying Financing Procedures Other Banks: by offering diversi�ied �inancial solutions. ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟاو ﻲﻋارﺰﻟا ضﻮﻬﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺣ صﺮﻓ ﻰﻟإ
Reducing loan requirements, particularly for smallholder International Organizations: via technical and �inancial ﺔﻣاﺪﺘﺴﻤﻟا
farmers. assistance.
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