Page 52 - ומלאו את הארץ / דורון בר

Ô¢‡¯ ˜¯Ù

ȯÙΉ ·Á¯Ó· ‰È¯ÙȯÙ ¯ÙÒ¿ ,ÊίÓ

¯ÓÂÏÎ ,Ï·‚ ÔÈÈˆÏ È„Î ˙ÈÓ¯‰ ‰È¯ÙÓȇ‰ ȯ˜ÂÁ ÂÚ·˜ (frontier) ¯Ù¿Ò ÁÂÓ‰ ˙‡

̇ ,Ú‚Ó· ÌÈÓ¯‰ ‡· Ì˘ ,˙ÈÓ¯‰ ‰È¯ÙÓȇ‰ ˙Â·ȯ Ï·‚ ‰ˆ˜ ˙‡ ÏÓÒÓ‰ ¯Âʇ

˙·¯ ÌÈ˘ ¯Á‡Ï .˙¯Á‡ ˙ÂÈ·¯˙ ÌÚ ÌȯÁ‡ Ìȯ˘˜ ‡ ¯ÁÒÓ ,‰ÓÁÏÓ ˙ÂÚˆÓ‡·
103,ÂÏ˘ ˙ÈÙ¯‚‡‚‰Â ˙ȯÂËÒȉ‰ ˙·ίÂÓ‰ ÏÎ ÏÚ ,ÈÓ¯‰ Ï·‚‰ ‡˘Â· ˜ÂÒÈÚ Ï˘
È‡ Ì‚ „˜Ó˙‡ ÍÎÈÙÏ 104.‰È¯ÙÓȇ· ˙ÂÏ·‚ Ï˘ ÌÈÙÒÂ ÌÈ‚ÂÒ· Ì‚ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ‰ ÌȘÒÂÚ

Ï˘ ˙ȯÂËÒȉ-˙ÈÙ¯‚‡‚‰ ˙ÂÁ˙Ù˙‰· ('¯Ù¿Ò' Â˙‡¯Â‰·) Ï·‚‰ Ï˘ ÈÊίӉ ÂÓ˜ӷ

È˙„ ¯·Î˘ ˙ÂÓ‚Ó‰ Ú˜¯ ÏÚ ˙‡Ê ,˙ÈËÊÈ·‰ ‰Ù˜˙·Â ˙ÈÓ¯‰ ‰Ù˜˙· χ¯˘È-ı¯‡
‡˜Â„ ¯·Â„Ó ‡Ï‡ ,χ¯˘È-ı¯‡ Ï˘ ‰È˙ÂÏ·‚ ˙‡ Á¯Î‰· ÔÈÈˆÓ Âȇ ‰Ê ¯Ù¿Ò 105.Ô‰·

˙ÈËÊÈ·‰ ‰Ù˜˙‰Â ˙ÈÓ¯‰ ‰Ù˜˙‰ Íωӷ˘ ,ı¯‡‰ Ï˘ ÌÈ·˘ÂÈÓ-‡Ï‰ ÌȯÂʇ·
106.˙·˘ÈÈ˙‰ ˙ÙÂ˙ ̉· ‰˙Èȉ

˙¯Á‡Ӊ ˙ÈÓ¯‰ ‰Ù˜˙‰ ÏΠ͢ӷ ÈÎ Ô‰ ÌȇˆÓÓ‰ ÔÓ ˙ÂÏÂÚ‰ ˙Â˜ÒÓ‰

ÌÈÈÙÂÏÁ ˙·˘ÈÈ˙‰ ȯ˙‡ ¯Á‡ ˘ÂÙÈÁ· ÌÈ·˘ÈÈ˙Ó ÈÂÓ‰ ÂÚ ˙ÈËÊÈ·‰ ‰Ù˜˙‰Â

ÌȯÂʇ‰ .˙È·Â˘Èȉ ˙·Ȉȉ-ȇ ȯÂʇ· ¯˜ÈÚ· ,χ¯˘È-ı¯‡ Ï˘ ÌÈ¢ ÌȯÂʇ·

ÌÈ„·ÂÚÓ Âȉ ¯·Î ,„·ÈÚÏ ‰ÁÂ ‰·ÂË Ú˜¯˜ Ï˘ ȇˆÓ ‰È‰ ̉·˘ ,ÌÈ˘˜Â·Ó‰
ÌÈ·˘ÈÈ˙Ó‰ 107.˙ÂÏ„‚ ˙ÂÊÂÁ‡ ÈÏÚ· È„È· ÌÈÒÂÙ˙ Âȉ ̘ÏÁ ,ÌÈ·¯ ˙¯„ ‰ÊÓ

˙ÂÁÂ ‡Ï ˙ÂÚ˜¯˜· ‰˜ÏÁ· ‰ÒÂÎÓ‰ ,ÂÊ ‰˘˜ ‰·È·Ò .¯ÙÒ‰ χ ˙ÂÙÏ ‡ÂÙ‡ ·ÈÂÁ

ȇ˙ .Ï„‚ ¯‚˙‡ ÌÈ˘„Á‰ ÌÈ·˘ÈÈ˙Ó‰ ÈÙ· ‰·Èˆ‰ ,˙Âȯ·„Ó ˙ÂÚ˜¯˜· ‡ ,„·ÈÚÏ

E. Luttwak, The Grand Strategy of Imperial ‡¯ Ï˘ÓÏ ,¯˙ÂÈ· ˙·Á¯ ‰Ê ‡˘Â· ‰ÈÙ¯‚ÂÈÏ·È·‰ 103

Rome, Baltimore 1976; D. Kennedy and D. Riley, Rome’s Desert Frontier from the Air,
London 1990; B. Isaac, The Limits of Empire: The Roman Army in the East, rev. ed., Oxford
1992; C.R. Whittaker, Frontiers of the Roman Empire, Baltimore 1994; H. Elton, Frontiers
of the Roman Empire, London 1996; D. Cherry, Frontier and Society in Roman North Africa,
Oxford 1998; G. Greatrex and S.N.C. Lieu (eds.), The Roman astern Frontier and the Persian

Wars, London & New York 2002

R.W. Mathisen and H.S. Sivan: ‘Introduction’, R.W. Mathisen and H.S., Sivan (eds.), Shifting 104

Frontiers in Late Antiquity, London 1996, pp. 1–7

.·2004 ,¯· ‡¯ ,‰Ê ÔÈÈÚ· ‰·Á¯‰Ï 105
ÈÂËÈ· ÂÏ ˘È È˙·¯˙-ȯÂËÒȉ „ÂÒÈ˘ ÍÈω˙ ,Èχ¯˘È-ı¯‡‰ ¯Ù¿Ò· ˙·˘ÈÈ˙‰Ï ˙ÈÈÚÓ ‰Ï·˜‰ 106
ÍÎ ÏÚ ,‰¯˘Ú Ú˘˙‰ ‰‡Ó· ˙ȯ·‰ ˙ˆ¯‡ ·¯ÚÓ· ˙·˘ÈÈ˙‰‰ ˙ÚÂ˙· ‡ÂˆÓÏ Ô˙È ,ÈÙ¯‚‡‚
R.F. Berkhofer, ‘The North American Frontier as Process and Context’, H. Lamar and ‡¯

L. Thompson, (eds.), The Frontier in History: North America and Southern Africa Compared,
New Haven & London 1981, 43–75

‡¯ ,χ¯˘È-ı¯‡· ‰ÊÂÁ‡ È˙· Ï˘ ̈ÓˆӉ ‡ˆÓÓ‰ ÏÚ .99–82 'ÓÚ ,1994 ,ȇ¯ÙÒ 'Ê 107

Y. Hirschfeld, ‘Jewish Rural Settlement in Judaea in the Early Roman Period’, S.E. Alcock

,ÔÏ‰Ï ‰‡¯‡˘ ÈÙÎ ,(ed.), The Early Roman Empire in the East, Oxford 1997, pp. 74–80
.˙ÈÒÁÈ ‰¯È„ ‰˙Èȉ ÂÊ ‰ÚÙÂ˙

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