Page 85 - Carvaan Grmmar-7

Table of corresponding past form of verbs/modals (with 'play' as an example)

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Simple Present Simple Past

plays/play played

do not play/does not play did not play

Present Continuous Past Continuous

is/are/am playing was/were playing

Present Perfect Past Perfect

has/have played had played

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

has/have been playing had been playing

Simple Past Past Perfect

played/did not play had played/had not played

Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

was/were playing had been playing

Past Perfect no change

had played

Past Perfect Continuous no change

had been playing

will/shall play would/should play

can/may play could/might play

,
If the reported speech expresses a universal truth habitual fact or permanent
fact/situation then the tense remains unchanged.

Example : The teacher said, “The earth is round”. (Direct speech)

The teacher said that the earth is round. (Indirect Speech)

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