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is	 that	 it	 can	 be	 created	 on	 the	 social	 web	 with	 little	 or	 no	 effort,	 even	 by	 just
clicking	 a	 “Like”	 button	 on	 Facebook,	 or	 retweeting	 a	 message	 for	 a	 friend.	 In
these	 cases,	 expending	 very	 little	 effort	 can	 still	 create	 an	 expectation	 that	 if	 “I
moved	your	content,	you	need	to	move	mine.”

   “Much	 influence	 on	 the	 social	 web	 is	 built	 on	 a	 promised	 return	 of	 favors,”
said	Tom	Webster,	vice	president	of	Edison	Research.	“We	coexist	every	day	on
small	 favors	 …	 like	 if	 you	 retweet	 this,	 I’ll	 retweet	 yours.	 I’ll	 like	 your	 page	 if
you’ll	like	mine.	The	effort	to	accomplish	these	things	is	low—so	they	are	easily
done.”

   “To	 be	 more	 effective	 at	 promoting	 your	 content,	 you	 first	 need	 to	 become
more	 effective	 at	 promoting	 other	 people’s	 content,”	 said	 Internet	 strategist
Carol	 Lynn	 Rivera.2	 “The	 Internet	 is	 a	 relationship	 economy.	 You	 have	 to	 give
to	get.	Very	few	bloggers	or	businesses	are	at	a	level	where	they	will	have	their
content	read	and	shared	if	they	are	absent	from	the	process.

   “What	that	means	is	that	you	need	to	be	involved	in	getting	to	know	people—
other	 bloggers	 and	 business	 people,	 commenters,	 subscribers,	 Twitter	 and
Facebook	 and	 even	 Pinterest	 connections.	 Everyone.	 When	 you	 build	 those
relationships	 and	 when	 you	 share,	 promote,	 and	 comment	 on	 other	 people’s
work	 in	 a	 way	 that	 adds	 genuine	 value,	 then	 your	 presence	 will	 be	 known	 and
appreciated	 and	 the	 sharing	 will	 be	 reciprocated.	 So	 I	 guess	 the	 bottom	 line	 is
that	 if	 you	 want	 more	 success	 promoting	 your	 content	 then	 you	 have	 to	 stop
focusing	on	promoting	your	content.	Refocus	your	efforts	on	others.”

   Perhaps	the	most	famous	purveyor	of	reciprocity	is	author	and	media	mogul
Gary	 Vaynerchuk,	 who	 emphasizes	 a	 simple	 formula:	 “give,	 give,	 give,	 give,
then	ask.”	(Or	his	latest	iteration:	“jab,	jab,	jab,	right	hook.”)	This	is	reciprocity
in	action—trading	in	on	favors	to	build	social	capital.

   Gary’s	 signature	 move	 is	 asking	 people	 through	 Twitter	 what	 he	 can	 do	 to
help	them—and	he	has	done	some	pretty	crazy	things.	Sending	a	pie	overnight.
Shipping	bottles	of	hot	sauce	to	someone	who	had	run	out.	Delivering	a	person’s
favorite	hamburger	just	because	she	asked.

   This	might	seem	like	a	random	way	to	run	a	media	consulting	business	unless
you	 understand	 the	 strong	 need	 we	 have	 to	 fulfill	 an	 obligation.	 Getting
something	seemingly	for	free	has	such	an	impact	because	we’re	psychologically
obsessed	with	repaying	that	favor;	we	don’t	feel	that	we	should	repay,	but	rather
we	feel	compelled	to	repay.

   Yes,	 some	 people	 may	 take	 advantage	 of	 Gary’s	 apparent	 generosity,	 but
most	of	the	time,	the	odds	of	reciprocity—via	favors,	gifts,	invitations,	and	even
tweets—are	in	his	favor.

   Expectations	of	reciprocity	are	amplified	on	the	social	web.	There	is	a	quid-
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