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management	products	doesn’t	have	a	new	product	to	announce	every
      month.	It	does,	however,	have	a	large	and	active	consumer	base.	People
      with	diabetes	want	to	hear	from	other	people	with	diabetes.	They	don’t
      want	to	hear	yet	another	doctor	giving	advice	in	“medical	speak.”
      Medtronic	taps	into	that	audience	and	regularly	asks	for	stories,	resulting	in
      awareness,	news,	and	sales:
      Nearly	300	customers	have	shared	stories	and	photos.
      Over	80	percent	of	customers	have	given	Medtronic	the	rights	to	use	their
      stories	and	photos	in	other	media.
      Their	“Share	Your	Story”	Facebook	app	is	responsible	for	a	two-to-one
      increase	in	return	on	investment	in	the	effort.

               The	Escalator	Audience	model

As	you	can	imagine,	the	idea	of	creating	an	audience	of	super	fans	is	relevant	to
almost	 any	 industry,	 but	 perhaps	 none	 has	 been	 so	 intensely	 studied	 as	 sports
marketing	…	where	your	job	literally	depends	on	creating	fans.

   In	 a	 study	 on	 sports	 fan	 loyalty,11	 researchers	 found	 four	 stages	 of	 “fan-
hood:”	 1)	 non-fans;	 2)	 light	 fans;	 3)	 medium	 users;	 and	 4)	 heavy	 users.	 Heavy
users	 (the	 Alpha	 fans)	 contribute	 80	 percent	 of	 the	 revenue	 to	 a	 sports	 team
through	 ticket	 sales	 and	 merchandise	 purchases	 but	 make	 up	 20	 percent	 or	 less
of	the	total	fan	base.

   The	study	proposed	distinct	marketing	strategies	aimed	at	all	four	user	groups
with	 the	 purpose	 of	 moving	 fans	 “up	 the	 escalator”	 from	 one	 segment	 to	 the
next.	 The	 model	 emphasizes	 the	 importance	 of	 satisfying	 the	 different	 needs	 of
each	group	while	promoting	movement	to	the	next	level.

   The	strategy	for	non-fans	(or	non-consumers,	if	you	like)	is	devoted	entirely
to	awareness	through	promotion	(which	is	the	focus	of	Chapter	8).	How	do	you
let	 people	 know	 your	 content	 exists?	 What	 value	 is	 there	 for	 them	 to	 try	 it?	 In
sports	marketing	terms,	the	goal	is	to	get	people	to	attend	one	game.	If	they	like
the	experience,	chances	are	they	might	become	a	“light	consumer.”

   The	next	job	is	identify	those	who	have	attended	one	game—or	have	had	an
initial	 experience	 with	 your	 content—and	 provide	 incentives	 to	 increase	 the
frequency	 of	 their	 attendance,	 or	 in	 your	 case,	 content	 consumption.	 Some
common	techniques	in	the	digital	marketing	world	include	offering	free	content
like	 training	 videos,	 webinars,	 and	 eBooks	 in	 exchange	 for	 signing	 up	 for	 a
newsletter	 or	 subscribing	 to	 a	 content	 channel.	 This	 is	 the	 process	 of	 turning
weak	links	into	stronger	links.
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