Page 392 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

 Inner membrane has many folds called cristae.
 Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is known as the energy currency of the cell.
 Matrix fluid present on the interior contains enzymes and coenzymes.

 Energy is stored in the form of ATP.
Plastids
 Plastids are present only in plant cells.
 Three types – Chloroplasts(green), Leucoplasts (white), Chromoplasts (in various colours
except green)
 Chloroplast – Site of photosynthesis and it contains chlorophyll.
 Leucoplasts are storage plastids.

 Chloroplast is also called as ‗Kitchen of the cell‘.
 Chromophore – Red colour of tomatoes due to the presence of lycopene pigment.
 Colour of carrot is due to carotene pigment.

Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Discovered by KR Peter.
 Endoplasmic reticulum is a hollow membranous system with or without ribosomes on their
surface.
 Two types: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
(SER)
 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (with ribosome) is the site of protein translation and
assembly.
 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (without ribosome) - Site of synthesis of steroids and
detoxification.

Golgi apparatus
 Discovered by Camillo Golgi.
 Made up of sac-like flattened structures.
 Plays an important role in secretion, transportation and lysosome formation.
 It consists of a system of membrane bound vesicles arranged approximately parallel to each
other in stacks called cisternae.

Ribosomes
 Ribosomes were discovered by GE Palade.
 Ribosomes are minute, non-membranous particles composed of RNA and protein.
 In Prokaryotes, 70 S type of ribosomes are found.
 In Eukaryotes, 80 S types of ribosomes are found.
 Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

Lysosomes
 Discovered by de Duve.
 Lysosomes are polymorphic organelles having hydrolytic enzymes.
 Lysosomal enzymes function at acidic pH 5.
 These are called Suicidal bags of the cell.
 It helps in preventing carcinogenesis.
Centrosome

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