Page 394 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
 Made up of long chain of nucleotides.
 Consists of nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar and a phosphate group.
 Contains uracil in place of thymine.

 Three types – mRNA (messenger RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and tRNA (transfer RNA).
 All three types of RNA take part in protein synthesis.
Cell Division
 Cell division is the process by which a cell increases in number.
 Essential for growth, development and repair of the body.

Difference between DNA and RNA
DNA RNA

Genetic Genetic material
material in all in all many
eukaryotes viruses.
and
prokaryotes.
Located in the Located in
nucleus. nucleolus,
ribosomes and
cytoplasm.

Mostly double Single stranded.
stranded.
Pyrimidine Pyrimidine
bases- bases-cytosine
cytosine and and uracil.
thymine.
The sugar is The sugar is
deoxyribose. ribose.
Biomolecules
 Substances essential for living beings perform basic functions.
 Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and vitamins are examples for biomolecules.
Carbohydrates
 Organic compounds which have carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1.
 Poly-hydroxy aldehydes and ketones are their derivatives.
 50-75% energy is obtained by oxidation of carbohydrates.
 Product of carbohydrate digestion is glucose and is called blood sugar.

 Oxidizes to give energy along with carbon dioxide and water.
 Main sources are wheat, maize, rice, potato etc.
 Three types- Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides
 They are simple sugars.eg. Ribose, glucose.
 In human beings, normal blood glucose level is 100-120 mg/mL.

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