Page 395 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

 Glycogenesis – Blood glucose level converted into glycogen (stored food in animals) in the
liver.
 D-fructose – sweetest of all sugars is found in fruits, honey etc.

Oligosaccharides
 Are made up of 2-10 monosaccharides which are released on hydrolysis.
 Best known example of oligosaccharides is sucrose which is also known as Invert sugar.
 When subjected to hydrolysis, sucrose breaks into glucose and fructose.

Polysaccharides
 Are made up of more than ten monosaccharides.
 Best known example; cellulose is found in abundance in plant cell wall.
 Digested by microbes in the gut of ruminants.
 Acts as roughage in case of human beings.

Functions of Carbohydrates
 Provides energy, acts as reserve food.
 Helps in the synthesis of nucleic acid and forms exoskeleton (chitin) of animals.
 Excessive intake of carbohydrates results in obesity and digestive problems.

Proteins
 Found in all living cells.
 Compounds of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and Sulphur.
 Forms 15% part of human body.
 Sources are groundnuts, soya bean, pulses, fish etc.

Functions of Proteins
 Most important for growth and repair of the body.
 75% of our body is made up of proteins.
 Controls the development of genetic characters.
 Deficiency of protein causes Kwashiorkor and Marasmus.

 Kwashiorkor occurs in children between the age of 1 to 5 years.
 Marasmus occurs in children below the age of 1 year.
Lipids (Fats)

 Compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
 Lipids are present in cytoplasm, cell wall etc.
 Sources of fats are ghee, butter, almond, cheese, egg yolk, meat, soya bean etc.
 Two types – Saturated and Unsaturated.
 Saturated fatty acid – found in coconut oil and palm oil.
 Unsaturated fatty acid – found in fish oil and vegetable oil.
 Excess of fatty acids increases blood cholesterol and may cause arteriosclerosis.
 Leads to heart attack.

Functions of Lipids
 Provides twice the energy compared to that of carbohydrates.
 Prevents the loss of heat from the body.

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