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direct object first conditional hedging inseparable phrasal verb
The person or thing affected A sentence with “if” that Words or phrases that make A phrasal verb that is always
by the action of the verb, describes a possible future a speaker seem less certain or used with the particle,
e.g. “him” in We followed him. situation that depends on direct, e.g. apparently, I think. e.g. I take after my mother.
see also indirect object another situation, e.g. If it rains, see also separable phrasal verb
I’ll stay here. imperative
direct question An order to someone, e.g. intransitive verb
A question without an focus Stop! The imperative is often A verb that does not take
introductory phrase, Part of a sentence that is a verb on its own in its a direct object.
e.g. What time is it? moved to the beginning base form. see also transitive verb
because it is more important.
direct speech indefinite article introductory “it”
The words that are actually formal The words a and an, which “It is” used at the start of
said to make a statement or Formal language is used in come before nouns when it a sentence to refer to a general
question, e.g. It’s raining. situations where you don’t doesn’t matter which noun is idea, e.g. It is difficult to ski.
know the people very well, being referred to, or if it is
discourse marker or when you want to keep being mentioned for the first inversion
A word or phrase that is social distance. time, e.g. Can I borrow a pen? When positions of two parts
used in conversation to see also informal see also definite article of a clause swap around,
direct the discussion or add e.g. the subject and the verb
comment, e.g. Well, Right. future continuous indefinite pronoun in questions.
A tense that is formed with will A pronoun that does not refer
double object verb be and the present participle. to a specific person or thing, irregular
A verb that has two objects, It expresses an action that will e.g. someone, nothing. A word that behaves differently
e.g. “me” and “the phone” in be in progress at a point in from most words like it,
Give me the phone. the future. indirect object e.g. men is an irregular plural
The person or thing that is noun. see also regular
dummy subject future perfect affected by the action of
The word “it” used without A tense that is formed with will a transitive verb, but is not the linking verb
referring to a noun, have and the past participle, direct object, e.g. “the dog” in A verb that links two parts
e.g. It’s five o’clock. e.g. will have done. It expresses I gave the ball to the dog. of a clause (the subject and
an action that will be complete see also direct object complement) rather than
-ed adjective at a point in the future. describing an action, such
An adjective that describes indirect question as be, seem, become,
how somthing is affected, future perfect continuous A question that begins with e.g. She is really angry.
e.g. bored, excited. A tense that is formed with will a polite phrase, e.g. Can you
see also -ing adjective have been and the present tell me what time it is? main clause
participle, e.g. will have been A clause that could form
ellipsis doing. It expresses an ongoing infinitive a complete sentence on its own.
When words or phrases are left action that will be complete at The base form of a verb, often see also subordinate clause
out of a clause, usually because a point in the future. with the infinitive marker “to,”
they don’t need to be repeated, e.g. to go, to run. main verb
e.g. He got up and [he] had gerund (verbal noun) The verb in a group of verbs
a shower. The -ing form of a verb, when infinitive clause that carries the meaning,
it is used as a noun, A clause whose verb is in e.g. “ride” in I can ride a bike.
emphasis e.g. No smoking. the infinitive form, e.g. It’s
When a word is said more important to complete the form modal verb
loudly because it is more gradable adjective in full. A type of auxiliary verb that
important. An adjective that can be used is used with a main verb
see also stress with adverbs of degree (such as informal to show ideas like ability
very) and can be used in the Informal language is used in and permission.
extreme adjective comparative form. situations where you know the
An adjective that has a stronger see also non-gradable adjective people well and feel relaxed. modifier
meaning than a gradable see also formal A word that adds information
adjective with a similar grading adverb to another word, e.g. “really”
meaning, e.g. freezing is the An adverb of degree that can -ing adjective in really interesting.
extreme adjective for cold. be used with gradable An adjective that describes
adjectives. the effect something has, negative
see also non-grading adverb e.g. boring, exciting. A clause that contains a word
see also -ed adjective like not or never.

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