Page 354 - Nidalist

negative adverbial participle who is being spoken to (you) present continuous question word second conditional stress tense
A phrase that acts as an adverb The form of a verb used to or who or what is being A tense that is formed with the A word is used to start open A sentence with “if” that Saying one syllable in a word, The form of a verb that shows
and has a negative meaning, make compound tenses. mentioned (he, she, it, they). present of be and the present questions, e.g. What, Which, describes an imaginary future or one word in a sentence, the time of the action,
e.g. not only, not until. see also past participle and Verbs also reflect person, participle, e.g. is doing. Who, Why, How. situation, or an impossible more strongly than the others. e.g. present simple, past simple.
present participle e.g. am is the first person It expresses an ongoing action present situation, e.g. If I were see also emphasis
non-defining relative clause singular form of be. in the present. question tag you, I’d take an umbrella. third conditional
A clause that starts with particle A short phrase that makes subject A sentence with “if” that
a relative pronoun (such as A word that follows a verb personal pronoun present participle a statement into a question, sentence The person / thing / place, etc. describes an impossible past
who or which). It gives to form a phrasal verb. A word that refers to people The participle form of a verb e.g. “isn’t it” in It’s hot today, A group of one or more clauses. that usually comes before the situation and its impossible
non-essential information or things that have already that is used to make continuous isn’t it? verb in a clause. result, e.g. If I had studied
about the main clause. passive voice been mentioned, e.g. he, they. tenses, e.g. walking, doing. separable phrasal verb harder, I would have passed
see also defining relative clause Indicates that the person or reflexive pronoun A phrasal verb that can be subject pronoun the exam.
thing affected by the action phrasal verb present perfect A word that refers to the used with the particle after a A word that replaces a noun
non-gradable adjective is the subject of the verb. A combination of verb + particle A tense that is formed with the subject of the clause, when noun or pronoun, e.g. bring as the subject of a clause, time marker
An adjective that cannot be see also active voice that is always used together and present of have and the past the subject and object are the subject up / bring it up. e.g. I, she, they. A word or phrase that indicates
used in the comparative form has a different meaning from the participle, e.g. have done. the same, e.g. myself. see also inseparable a time, e.g. now, at the
and can only be used with past continuous verb on its own, e.g. make up It expresses an action that phrasal verb subject question moment, tomorrow.
certain adverbs of degree A tense that is formed with meaning “invent.” started in the past and is still regular A question where the question
(such as absolutely). was or were and the present continuing or that happened A word that behaves in the short answer word is the subject, e.g. “Who” transitive verb
see also gradable adjective participle, e.g. was doing. plural in the past but has a result same way as most words like An answer to a closed question in Who invited you? A verb that takes a direct object.
It expresses an ongoing The form of a word used when in the present. it, e.g. books is a regular plural that only uses the subject and see also object question see also intransitive verb
non-grading adverb action in the past. there is more than one of noun and waited is a regular auxiliary verb, e.g. Yes, I do.
An adverb of degree that can something, e.g. books, they. present perfect continuous past simple form. subordinate clause uncountable
be used with non-gradable past participle see also singular A tense that is formed with see also irregular short question A clause which is dependent A noun that cannot be
adjectives. The participle form of a verb has / have been and the present A question with just an on the main clause, usually counted, e.g. water, money.
that is used to make perfect positive participle, e.g. has / have been relative clause auxiliary verb and subject, introduced by a subordinating see also countable
noun tenses and the passive, A clause that expresses what doing. It expresses an ongoing A clause that gives information which is used to show interest conjunction.
A word that refers to a person, e.g. walked, done, eaten. someone or something is or action that started in the past about the subject or object of in a conversation, e.g. Is it? verb
place, or thing. does. It does not contain and is still continuing. the main clause. subordinating conjunction A word that refers to a situation
past perfect a negative word. simple A word that links two clauses that or an action, e.g. stay, write.
noun phrase A tense that is formed with see also negative present simple relative pronoun Simple tenses are formed with are not of equal importance,
A noun, pronoun, or a number had and the past participle, A tense that consists only of A word that introduces a main verb only; they don’t i.e. a subordinate clause to a vowel
of words that are linked to e.g. had done. It expresses possessive determiner the present form of a verb, a relative clause, e.g. who, need an auxiliary verb in their main clause, e.g. because, if. The English letters a, e, i, o, u.
a noun, e.g. the blue house. a completed action that A word that comes before a e.g. walk, say, eat. It expresses that, which. positive forms. see also coordinating see also consonant
happened before another noun and shows belonging, a general truth about conjunction
object action or state in the past. e.g. my, our, his. the present. reported question singular word class
A noun or pronoun that follows A question that is repeated The form of a word that is used substitution Shows the function of a word
a verb or a preposition. past perfect continuous possessive pronoun pronoun after it was actually asked, often to refer to just one person or The use of a word to replace in a sentence, e.g. noun, verb,
A tense that is formed with A word that replaces a noun A word that replaces a noun, by another person, e.g. She thing, e.g. book. another, e.g. “He” in He’s in the adjective are all word classes.
object pronoun had been and the present and shows belonging, when the noun has already asked if the bus was full. see also plural kitchen.
A pronoun that usually follows participle, e.g. had been doing. e.g. mine, ours, his. been mentioned, e.g. it, that. word order
a verb or a preposition, It expresses an ongoing action reported speech stalling suffix The position that different
e.g. me, them. that happened before another prefix proper noun Statements and questions that Using words or short phrases in Letters at the end of a word words have in a clause,
action or state in the past. Letters at the beginning of A noun that is the name of are repeated after they were conversation to give yourself that change its meaning, e.g. the subject usually comes
object question a word that change its a person, place, day, etc., actually said, often by another time to think about what to say, e.g. “-able” in enjoyable. before the verb, and adjectives
A question where the question past simple meaning, e.g. “re-” in replace. e.g. Maria, France, Sunday. person, e.g. He said the bus e.g. Let’s see… see also prefix of opinion come before
word is the object, e.g. “What” A tense that consists only of the see also suffix was full. adjectives of fact.
in What did you say? past form of a verb, e.g. walked, quantifier state verb (stative verb) superlative adjective
said, ate. It expresses a preposition A word that usually comes reporting verb A type of verb that describes An adjective that indicates the zero article
open question completed action in the past. A short word that links two before a noun and expresses A verb that introduces reported situations, thoughts, or feelings, most extreme of a group of When there is no article before
A question that cannot be nouns or pronouns to show a quantity or amount, speech, e.g. say, tell. e.g. seem, think, like. things, e.g. best. plural or uncountable nouns.
answered with “yes” or “no” and perfect a relationship, e.g. to, at, e.g. several, many, much. see also action verb see also comparative adjective
starts with a question word Perfect tenses express a link with, from. root zero conditional
(such as when or who). between two times, e.g. the question The part of a word to which statement syllable A sentence with “if” or “when”
see also closed question present perfect links the past prepositional phrase A sentence that asks for a suffix or prefix is added, A sentence that offers Every word is made up of that describes a present
with the present. A phrase that starts with a something, usually information. e.g. “employ” is the root information, i.e. not a question a number of syllables, each of situation or a regular action,
ordinal number preposition, e.g. on the bus, The verb usually comes before of employable. or an imperative. which contain a vowel sound, e.g. If it rains, the roads flood.
The numbers used for person at five o’clock. the subject. e.g. teach (one syllable),
ordering, e.g. first, second. The form of a pronoun that teacher (two syllables).
see also cardinal number shows who is speaking (I, we),

352 353

350-353_Glossary_LB.indd 352 25/07/2016 16:00 350-353_Glossary_LB.indd 353 25/07/2016 16:00