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chap 17  3/11/97 5:12 PM  Page 206




              206                making instruction work


              Example #3: This map is from a course called “Developing
              Performance Aids,” created by Peter Pipe. Here the meaning of
              the horizontally dashed line is: The units below it are to be
              read, studied, and discussed; but because they are informa-
              tional only (e.g., Module IN-2), there are no performance
              checks (criterion tests) associated with them.
                The placement of modules DT-1 and ED-1 on the map
              expresses the best wisdom and experience of the author and
              says to the student,“While it is true that these modules have no
              prerequisites and may be studied at any time, you will find it
              more productive to study them sometime after you have com-
              pleted module PA-1.” Why then didn’t the author draw a line
              between PA-1 and the other two modules? Because he didn’t
              want to falsely suggest that PA-1 must be learned before DT-1
              and ED-1 can be learned.

              Figure 17.4

                                               DPA


                                                PA-4

                                    PA-3                   ED-1
                       PA-2
                                           DT-1
                              PA-1
                                                           CA-3

                                                                    CA-2

                                                           CA-1



                                                IN-2

              Courtesy of Pipe and
                                                IN-1
              Associates
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