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258 making instruction work

characteristics (see Figure 21.4). For example, if you
noted that your tests did not yet match your objectives
(for whatever reason), then you would have noted a dis-
crepancy between what you had and what you could have
had if your tests matched the state of the art, and you
would have identified an opportunity for improvement.
For another example, if you noted that students were not
allowed to progress on the basis of their competence, you
would have noted a discrepancy between what you were
doing and what you should do, and identified another
opportunity for improvement.

Figure 21.4

Real world,
job,
another course

Competent State Analysis
students of the art

Instructions Objectives