Page 48 - Bulletin, Vol.81 No.1, May 2022

2) Negotiation to resolve conflict requires that “hurting stalemate” is perceived by
the parties in conflict at the same time
3) International pressures can facilitate conflict resolution (even in the absence of
mediation) through sanctions and aid conditionality, provided that major powers
do not pursue their own narrow interests
4) Conflict resolution requires that there is no cross-border terrorism by hostile
neighbors

So far there is only one successful conflict resolution among the 7 examples, that of the
ACEH (Indonesia) conflict. The outcome of the 7 examples have been classified as:

1. Successful conflict resolution: ACEH (Indonesia) and to a lesser extent Mindanao
(Philippines)
2. Forcible defeat of insurgents: Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka
3. Stalemate: Kashmir in India, Tibet and Xinjiang in China, Rakhine in Myanmar
and Pattani in Southern Thailand

The future: In the current state of world affairs, growing disarray and the crisis of
existing global order, it is more difficult to build political alliances to resolve protracted
disputes. Current ill-health of the world system is in no small measure due to poor
leadership.

Rowman & Littlefield Int. Ltd. 2019
British Library Cataloging: ISBN: HB 978-1-78660-836-9
Library of Congress: ISBN 9781786608369
Reviewed by Ingvar ÅHMAN, former UNESCO, UNDP and WHO

COVID-19 SCENT DOGS

By Christian DAVID

Article written with the assistance of Dominique Grandjean, Clothilde Julien, Capucine
Gallet, Marc Blondot, Vinciane Roger(EnvA)

Under the aegis of Professor Dominique Grandjean, working in France at the École
Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, a team called "Nosaïs-Covid19" has managed to finalise
a promising Covid detection protocol. Several countries are taking a close interest in
this expertise.

The first Covid detection tests using dogs sniffing axillary sweat samples took place at
the EnvA (Ecole National Vétérinaire d'Alfort) at the end of April 2020 and led to
significant results.

46 AAFI-AFICS BULLETIN, Vol. 81 No. 1, 2022-05