Page 127 - Physiology and Pathophysiology MNU 2024-2025 نظرى

Clinical pharmacy 2024/2025 Level 2 Pharm D Physiology and Pathophysiology
(MD303)

II- Urinary Incontinence

In this condition there is involuntary passage of urine due to defective voluntary control of the
external urethral sphincter.

1. Stress incontinence 2.Retention and overflow 3. Urge incontinence
incontinence
✓ This is leakage of urine This occurs when there is: ✓ Is a sudden and strong
when intra-abdominal ▪ Retention of urine due to need to urinate.
pressure is raised, e.g. on obstruction of urinary ✓ It may also refer to as an
coughing, laughing or outflow, e.g. enlarged unstable or overactive
sneezing. prostate. bladder.
✓ It usually affects women ▪ Neurological abnormality ✓ Leakage of urine follows a
when there is weakness of affecting the nerves involved sudden and intense urge to
the muscles of the pelvic in micturition, e.g. stroke, void and may be due to a
floor e.g. after childbirth or spinal cord injury or multiple urinary tract infection,
as part of the ageing sclerosis. calculus, tumor, or
process. neurologic disorder.

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