Page 136 - Physiology and Pathophysiology MNU 2024-2025 نظرى

Clinical pharmacy 2024/2025 Level 2 Pharm D Physiology and Pathophysiology (MD303)
Cardiac Output (C.O) and Venous return

Cardiac Output (CO) Venous Return (VR)
The rate at which blood is pumped from ventricle. /Min The rate at which blood is returned to the atria/ min.
[i.e., CO = the volume of blood pumped/min by each [The greater the VR  The greater the CO]
Definition
ventricle

In Steady COP of left Heart (The systemic blood flow) = Cardiac VR to right atrium = VR to left atrium = COP from Left ventricle
State Output of the right heart (the Pulmonary blood flow)
C0 = SV X HR = 70 X 70 = [4900 ml] 5 liter/min VR   EDV   Ventricular muscle length = stretch   Contractility 

 SV or  HR   CO  SV   CO
 SV or  HR   C0 An  of TPR cause  a  in both CO & VR

Distribution of systemic C.O

 Total Systemic Blood flow ➔ Distributed among the Organ systems [25 % of total COP goes to Kidney] BUT the percentage not fixed.
 During Exercise ➔ ↑ Metabolic need ➔ ↑ Rate of blood flow going to skeletal Muscle.
 Change in blood Flow to Organ can occur through 1-change of distribution of blood flow among the Organ System 2-Change of COP

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