Page 184 - Physiology and Pathophysiology MNU 2024-2025 نظرى

Clinical pharmacy 2024/2025 Level 2 Pharm D Physiology and Pathophysiology (MD303)

3) ischemic heart disease

Definition Deficiency of the 02 supply to the heart because of the inadequate blood flow due to  Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries.
Symptoms May only appear when the heart is stressed by exercise or emotional conditions due to  Increased cardiac work.

 Substernal pain ➔ transferred to the left shoulder, left side of neck and left arm.
 Caused by attacks of inadequate blood flow to the cardiac tissue. (Due to constriction of blood vessels
Angina Pectoris
supply blood vessels)
Types  Pain is due to   Conc. of lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration of the ischemic tissue.

MI = Heart Attack = Cellular death occurs in the areas deprived ةمورحمof 02 due to  Prolonged ischemia ➔

Myocardial Infarction
هدعب ىللا

4) congestive heart failure = CHF

A disease characterized by decreased contractility of ventricular muscle (-Ve Inotropism) & COP is insufficient to maintain blood flow
required by body.
Failure of the left side of the heart Failure of the right side of the heart

Left ventricle is unable to eject a normal stroke volume into Right ventricle is unable to eject a normal stroke volume into
Definition
aorta pulmonary artery
Back flow of blood to lung  Back flow of blood to peripheral organs 
Leads to pulmonary edema & pulmonary hypertension Leads to Edema in peripheral tissues like Liver & spleen
(Splenomegaly) مخضت
Treatment Positive Inotropic drugs [Cardiac glycoside]

| P a g e 120