Page 28 - pharma 1 theoretical updated MNU_Neat

Clinical pharmacy 2024/2025 Level 3 Pharm D Pharmacology 1 (PO 502)

7. Amphetamines (indirect acting sympathomimetic)

actions on α & β receptors ➔ similar to E. + central effect
✓ CNS stimulant ➔ wakefulness, alertness,  sense of fatigue, elevation
of mood, euphoria,  confidence & ability to concentrate &  motor
Central and speech activity.

actions
✓ Anorexic effect (reduce food intake) &  food intake by inhibition of
feeding center.

✓ Narcolepsy, depression, and behavioral disorder.
✓ Analeptic in central depression due to drugs and in obesity.
Indications: ✓ Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ➔ Hyperactive kids

& children (3-5% of children) ➔ use dexamphetamine &
methylphenidate.

• High potential for abuse and dependence.
• CNS ➔ Insomnia, confusion, anxiety, hallucinations, suicidal tendency
& depression.
Side
effects: • CVS ➔ & β1 effect on heart Flushing, anginal pain, cardiac
arrhythmias & hypertension.

• GIT ➔ Dry mouth, metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea
& abdominal cramps.

8. Appetite suppressants

Amphetamine-like agents Fenfluramine (ponderax)
Diethylpropion, phenmetrazine,
Ex.
phentermine & mazindol.

Stimulation of adrenergic and/or Sedative - release of serotonin &
MOA
dopaminergic pathways glucose utilization

Dependence, Sleepiness, depression, diarrhea, impotence & abuse: should be
ADE
gradually withdrawn

9. Ephedrine (dual acting sympathomimetic)

MOA • Acts through release of NE & some direct actions.
• Its effect is similar to E but:

1- Has greater CNS stimulant effect. ➔ Misused in Egypt
Effects
2- Can be given by mouth
3- Has slower onset & longer duration of action.

S/E Tachyphylaxis (rapid tolerance) due to depletion of catecholamines stores.

Uses: bronchial asthma

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