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Clinical pharmacy 2024/2025 Level 3 Pharm D Pharmacology 1 (PO 502)

 III- ipratropium and tiotropium

Advantages Route
Tiotropium ipratropium Both are delivered via

once daily four times daily inhalation.

Uses [Site specific drug delivery)
➢ positive charges ➔ do not enter the systemic circulation or CNS, isolating their effects
to the pulmonary system, not absorbed from GIT
➢ approved as bronchodilators ➔ treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic

obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), both chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
(wait to be used for asthma but B2 agonist is more preferred)

 IV- tropicamide  V. Benztropine and trihexyphenidyl

and cyclopentolate

➢ Ophthalmic solutions ➢ centrally acting ➔antimuscarinic agents ➔ used for
for mydriasis and many years in the treatment of Parkinson disease.
cycloplegia. ➢ Benztropine and trihexyphenidyl ➔useful as adjuncts with

➢ Duration of action is other antiparkinsonian agents to treat all types of
shorter than that of parkinsonian syndromes, including antipsychotic-induced

atropine. extrapyramidal symptoms.
➢ These drugs may be helpful in geriatric patients who
cannot tolerate stimulants. (used as sedative)

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