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Clinical pharmacy 2024/2025 Level 3 Pharm D Pharmacology 1 (PO 502)
Mechanisms for controlling blood pressure
A. Baroreceptors and the sympathetic B. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone
nervous system system (RAAS)
➢ A fall in blood pressure → baroreceptors ➢ The kidney provides long-term
in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses to control of blood pressure by altering
send fewer impulses to cardiovascular the blood volume.
centers in the spinal cord. ➢ Baroreceptors in the kidney respond
➢ This prompts a reflex response of to reduced arterial pressure and to
↑sympathetic and ↓ parasympathetic sympathetic stimulation of β1-
output to the heart and vasculature → adrenoceptors by releasing the
vasoconstriction and increased cardiac enzyme renin.
output. ➢ Low sodium intake and greater
➢ ↓ BP → stimulate baroreceptors → ↑ sodium loss also increase renin
sympathetic outflow → VC and ↑ COP release.
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