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Clinical pharmacy 2024/2025 Level 3 Pharm D Pharmacology 1 (PO 502)

Hypertension

➢ either a sustained systolic blood pressure (cardiac force during

Definition contraction) of greater than 140 mm Hg or a sustained diastolic blood
pressure cardiac force during relaxation) of greater than 90 mm Hg.
➢ Malignant hypertension systole > 190 may reach 240.

1. occur secondary to other disease processes, due to
➢ renal disease (diffuse glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis),
➢ vascular diseases (renal artery disease)

➢ Endocrinal disorders (pheochromocytoma, Cushing’s syndrome
and primary aldosteronism).

Types
2. more than 90% of patients have essential hypertension (hypertension
with no identifiable cause) ➔ disorders of unknown origin may affect
B.P regulating mechanism
 10% due to cardiovascular diseases.

 Increasing blood pressure related to lifestyle [stress, obesity, diet
(↑Na+)].

Systolic BP Diastolic BP
Notes
(mmHg) (mmHg)

Normal ≤120 ≤80
Stages Pre-hypertension 120–139 80–89 Lifestyle &diet

Stage I 140–159 90–99

Stage II ≥160 ≥100 malignant

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