Page 10 - phytochemistry general program

and Insoluble in organic solvents Quaternary alk .1

Alk. N-oxides because they are ionic comp. .2

b) Alk. bases very sparingly soluble in org. solvent
e.g. Morphine insoluble in CHCL3 & Ether moderately Soluble in alc. (1:300)

C) Alkaloidal salts sol in organic solvents
Soluble in CHCl3 Lobeline HCl

d) Alk. salts sparingly soluble in H2O
Quinine sulphate (1:810)

II- Chemical Properties

one nitrogen atom (in addition to All alkaloids should contain at least .3
C,H & O).

But some alkaloids are free from Oxygen atom. e.g.

nicotine. and coniine

The state or the type of nitrogen atoms as amines. .4

Primary amine (R-NH2) .1
Secondary amine (R2-NH) .2
Tertiary amine (majority) (R3-N) .3
Quaternary ammonium (R4-N+ ) e.g. d-Tubocurarine. .4
Another form of nitrogen is N-oxide alk. .1

Basicity of alkaloids .2

Generally, alkaloids are basic compounds due to the presence of N atoms, the
lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of alkaloids is normally responsible for

its basicity.

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