Page 8 - phytochemistry general program
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2. Less N-methyl group (Nor): e.g. Ephedrine & Nor-Ephedrine Nicotine &

                                                                                     Nor-Nicotine

                                                                         Ephedrine
                                                            Nor-Ephedrine
                                               3. Less one molecule of H2O (Apo):

                                                                  Morphine & Apomorphine
                                                                       Atropine & Apoatropine

Properties of Alkaloids

                         I- Physical Properties:

                         Most of alkaloids are:

                         Bitter in Taste . √                                .1
                                Odorless. √                                 .2
                                                                            .3
                                 Colorless.                                 .4
                                                                            .5
                                Crystalline

                          Optically active.

                                                Exceptions:

Colored alkaloids: e.g. Colchicine, Berberine,Psychotrine                   .1
                                                          Liquid alkaloids  .1

Scopolamine , Pilocarpine e.g. Non-volatile liquid                          .2

Pelletierine Coniine ,Nicotine Volatile-liquid  e.g.                        .3

   Optical activity of alkaloids:

   Ciral centers → different isomers.

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