Page 7 - phytochemistry general program

Special acids e.g. Meconic acid (opium), Cinchotannic and Quinic acids a) .1
(cinchona).
.2
b) Organic acids : Oxalate, Tannate, Citrate. .1

Glycosidal alkaloids (glucoalkaloid): i.e alkaloids in combinate with .2
sugars. e.g. Solanine alk.

Alkaloids N-Oxides: N-Oxides of tertiary alkaloids are well-known products
of plants.

Advantages of the clinical use of N-Oxide alkaloids:

Delayed release. .1
Low Toxicity. .2
.3
Low addictive property compared with the corresponding tertiary alkaloids

Nomenclature of alkaloids:

I. All alkaloids should end with suffix (-ine).

II. Generally, the alkaloid is named according to:

1. The generic name of the plant e.g. Atropine, Ephedrine, Pilocarpine,
Physostigmine.

2. The specific name of the plant e.g. Cocaine, Belladonine..

3. The common name of the drug e.g. ergotamine, ergometrine (ergot).

4. The physiological activity e.g. emetine, narcotine and morphine.

5. Named after discoverer e.g. pelletierine after pelletier.

6. Physical properties e.g. hygrine (hygroscopic).

III. Related alkaloids from the same source can be differentiated by addition:

Suffix: e.g. l(-) Quinine & d(+) Quinidine,

e.g. pilocarpine & isopilocarpine Prefixes: In case of:
1. Isomers:
5
Ephedrine & pseudoephedrine.