Page 6 - phytochemistry general program
P. 6
3- Source of nitrogen in case of nitrogen deficiency.
4- Growth regulators in certain metabolic systems
5- Source of energy in case of deficiency in carbon dioxide assimilation,
especially those alkaloids containing a sugar moiety.
Occurrence and distribution of alkaloids:
1- Plant kingdom:
Families; Compositae, Rununculaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae and .1
Papaveraceae.
Alkaloids may present in definite organ of the plant:
In bark … cinchona .1
In rhizomes … Ipeca .2
In leaves … Tea, Coca .3
In fruits … Hemlock & papaver .4
In seeds … Nux vomica .5
2- Animal kingdom:
Amphibians: Alkaloids stored in cutaneous glands of amphibians & .1
released as a chemical defence.
Deer male: muscopyridine alkaloid .1
3- Marine subjects:
Sponges, snails, green and red algae contain halogenated indole alkaloids.
4- Butterflies:
5- Ants & Insects
6- Fungi contain Ergot alkaloids.
Forms of alkaloids in living cells: .1
As free alkaloidal bases: (not combined with acids) .2
As alkaloidal salts: i.e. alkaloids are naturally combined with acids:
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