Page 107 - Pharmd general phytochemistry I-Final2024_LEUCTERS

Uses:
1- Osmotic diuretic (I.V., 25% solution).
2- Diagnostic agent in kidney function test, as it is not metabolized and is eliminated

readily by glomerular filtration (about 80% of a 100 g dose appears in the urine in
3 hours). The usual diuretic dose is 50-100 g daily in 5-25% solution by intravenous
infusion.
3- Widely used as an excipient in chewable tablets.
4- Manna has been used for its laxative properties.
5- Mannitol hexanitrate is used as a coronary vasodilator (oral dose 30 mg dialy).
6- Mannitol-nitrogen mustard is an antineoplastic agent (dose 50-100 mg I.V.).

Monosaccharides

Dextrose

 D- (+) glucopyranose, D-glucose, Dextrose (Grape sugar).
 Dextrose is the most important six carbon sugar that occurs in grapes and other

fruits. It is known pharmaceutically as dextrose (being dextrorotatory), and widely
used in commerce and industry. However, the accepted scientific name glucose is
employed in the chemical and biological literature.
Occurrence:
 Although some free glucose occurs in plants and animals, most of it occurs in
starches, cellulose, glycogen and sucrose.
 Usually obtained by the acid or controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
(particularly corn starch).
 It can be either α-D-glucopyranose or β-D-glucopyranose or a mixture of the two.

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