Page 52 - MNU-PM502- Pharmaeutical Microbiology Theoritical Book
P. 52
Pharm D- Clinical Pharmacy Program Third Level Pharmaceutical Microbiology& Antimicrobials (PM 502)
The outcome of using contaminated product may vary from
patient to patient, depending upon
o The type of contamination
o The degree of contamination
o How the product is to be used.
An objectionable organism is one which can either cause illness or degrade the
product thus making it less effective.
several organisms which, depending on the route of administration, can be
objectionable in a drug:
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Escherichia coli
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Candida albicans
• bile-tolerant gram-negative bacteria
Sources of Contamination
In manufacture In Use
Water Human
Environment Environment
Packaging Equipment
In manufacture
• Quality must be built into the product at all stages of the manufacturing
process and not simply assessed at its end.
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