Page 224 - Atlas Sea Birds Ver1
P. 224
Numbers breeding:
Year No. of pairs
1979 2
2003 0
2012 0
2013 0
2021 0
Sources: Crawford et al. (1982), Whittington et al. (2016),
Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment
(DFFE, unpublished record).
Note: Although not breeding, about 15 Kelp Gulls were
roosting at the Maatjies River mouth on 18 November 2021
(DFFE, unpublished record).They are regularly encounted
there (pers.obs).
References
Allan D, Russell I, Turpie J, Watt L, Nurse P. 2023. Waterbirds
of the Knysna Estuary. In: Whitfield AK, Breen CM, Read M
(eds). Knysna Estuary – Jewel of the Garden Route. Knysna
Basin Project, Knysna, pp. 217–249.
AEWA (Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian
Migratory Waterbirds) 2015. International Multi-species
Action Plan for the Conservation of Benguela Current Cliffs on the west of the peninsula used for nesting by White-
Upwelling System Coastal Seabirds. AEWA Technical breasted Cormorants, as viewed from the parking lot looking
Series 60, 86 pp. south, November 2021. The Island at the south of the Robberg
BirdLife South Africa. 2021. Creating Penguin Colonies. Peninsula, which is used for nesting by Kelp Gulls, can be seen at
Accessed: 2021-06-28. URL: https://www.birdlife. org.za/ the top right (photo RJM Crawford)
what-we-do/seabird-conservation/what-we-do/coastal-
seabird-conservation/creating-penguin-colonies. PhD thesis. Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology,
Blue Flag. 2021. Accessed: 2021-06-28. URL: https://www. University of Cape Town: 289 pp.
blueflag.global/all-bf-sites. Randall RM, Hanekom N, Randall BM, Crawford RJM. 2024.
Brooke RK, Cooper J, Shelton PA, Crawford RJM. 1982. Taxonomy, Tsitsikamma No. 12 stacks and adjacent mainland cliffs. This
distribution, population size, breeding and conservation of volume.
the White-breasted Cormorant, (Phalacrocorax carbo), on Schutte-Vlok AL, Huisamen J, Nieuwoudt H, Cleaver-Christie
the southern African coast. Le Gerfaut 72: 189–220. G. 2011. Draft: Keurbooms River Nature Reserve Complex
Boshoff AF, Riekert BR. 1982. New breeding locality data for Management Plan. Cape Nature.
southern African seabirds: White-breasted cormorant Turpie JK, Love V. 2000. Report on baseline studies of birds and
(Phalacrocorax carbo). Cormorant 10: 125. human disturbance on and around Thesen’s Island, Knysna
Cooper J, Brooke RK, Cyrus DP, Martin AP, Taylor RH, Williams estuary: management implications. Unpublished report to
AJ. 1992. Distribution, population size and conservation of Chris Mulder & Associates, 15 pp.
the Caspian Tern Sterna caspia in southern Africa. Ostrich Meyer LA. 2014. Plettenberg Bay flood: 7 years ater. ShowMe.
63: 58–67. Accessed: 2021-06-28. URL: https://showme.co.za/plett/
Crawford RJM, Cooper J, Shelton PA. 1982. Distribution, news/plettenberg-bay-flood-7-years-later/.
population size, breeding and conservation of the Kelp Gull Minnaar JC, Lamini PS, Whitting RW, Lourens, EJ, Wildeman D.
in southern Africa. Ostrich 53: 164–177. 2021. African Black Oystercatcher breeding success data.
Crawford RJM, Randall RM, Whittington PA, Waller L, Dyer BM, CapeNature, unpublished information.
Allan DG, Fox C, Martin AP, Upfold L, Visagie J, Bachoo Underhill LG, Cooper J, Waltner M. 1980. The status of waders
S, Bowker M, Downs CT, Fox R, Huisamen J, Makhado (Charadrii) and other birds in the coastal region of the
AB, Oosthuizen WH, Ryan PG, Taylor RH, Turpie JK. 2013. southern and eastern Cape. Western Cape Wader Study
South Africa’s coastal-breeding white-breasted cormorants: Group, Cape Town, 248 pp.
population trends, breeding season and movements, and Van de Voorde S, Witteveen M, Brown M. 2015. Differential
diet. African Journal of Marine Science 35: 473–490. reactions to anthropogenic disturbance by two ground-
Crawford RJM, Randall RM, Cook TR, Ryan PG, Dyer BM, Fox R, nesting shorebirds. Ostrich 86: 43-52.
Geldenhuys D, Huisamen J, McGeorge C, Smith MK, Upfold Whittington PA, Crawford RJM, Martin AP, Randall RM, Brown M,
L, Visagie J, Waller LJ, Whittington PA, Wilke CG, Makhado Makhado AB, Dyer BM, Upfold L, Harrison KHB, Huisamen
AB. 2016. Cape cormorants decrease, move east and adapt J, Waller L, Witteveen M. 2016. Recent trends of the Kelp
foraging strategies following eastward displacement of their Gull (Larus dominicanus) in South Africa. Waterbirds 39
main prey. African Journal of Marine Science 38: 373–383. (Special Publication 1): 99–113.
Hockey PAR, Dean WRJ, Ryan PG, 2005. Roberts Birds of Witteveen M. 2015. The influence of a changing environment on the
Southern Africa, 7th Edition. John Voelcker Bird Book Fund; breeding biology and diet of Kelp Gulls (Larus dominicanus
Cape Town. vetula) in Plettenberg Bay, South Africa. MSc Dissertation.
Loewenthal D. 2007. The population dynamics and conservation Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University
of the African black oystercatcher Haematopus moquini. of Cape Town.
218

