Page 67 - Practical Handout bio 2 mnu 2025_Neat

Level two – Semester 4 - PharmD Biochemistry-II PB-403 (Practical course) 2024/2025

Examples of pathologic changes in serum glucose concentration

Increased glucose concentration Decreased glucose concentration

in: in:

Diabetes mellitus Liver cancer and hepatic failure

Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism

Pheochromocytoma Adrenal cortical hypofunction

Acromegaly Benign neoplasm of the pancreas

Types of diabetes:

1) Diabetes mellitus: Hyperglycemia caused by:

Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Non-Insulin Dependent

Mellitus (IDDM) Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)

Destruction of beta cells in the Multifactorial condition with a

pancreas that produce insulin, variety of risk factors leading to

which may be due to: insulin resistance, including:

Causes 1. Genetic predisposition 1. family history

and risk 2. Autoimmune reaction 2. Obesity

factors 3. Viral infections 3. A sedentary lifestyle

4. Chemical toxins in 4. Increasing age

food

1. Hyperglycemia: increase in blood glucose level.

2. Glucosuria: the appearance of glucose in urine because
Characters blood glucose level > renal threshold of glucose

(maximum capacity of the renal tubules to reabsorb
glucose=180 mg/dl.)

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