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5.7.3 EIGRP

Like IGRP, EIGRP is a proprietary Cisco protocol. EIGRP is an advanced version of

IGRP and uses a 32-bit metric. Specifically, EIGRP provides superior operating efficiency such as faster
convergence and lower overhead bandwidth. It is an advanced distance-vector protocol. EIGRP also
uses some of the link-state protocol functions. Hence, the term hybrid is also used to describe EIGRP.

5.7.4 OSPF

OSPF is a link-state routing protocol. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) developed
OSPF in 1988. The most recent version, OSPF Version 2, is described in RFC 2328. OSPF is an IGP,
which means that it distributes routing information between routers belonging to the same
autonomous system. OSPF was written to address the needs of large, scalable internetworks that RIP
could not.

5.7.5 IS-IS

Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) is the dynamic link-state routing protocol
for the OSI protocol stack. As such, it distributes routing information for routing Connectionless
Network Protocol (CLNP) data for the ISO Connectionless Network Service (CLNS) environment.
Integrated IS-IS is an implementation of the IS-IS protocol for routing multiple network protocols.
Integrated IS-IS tags CLNP routes with information about IP networks and subnets. It provides an
alternative to OSPF in the IP world, mixing ISO CLNS and IP routing in one protocol. It can be used
purely for IP routing, purely for ISO routing, or for a combination of the two.

5.7.6 BGP

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an example of an EGP. BGP exchanges routing information
between autonomous systems while guaranteeing loop-free path selection. It is the principal route
advertising protocol used by major companies and ISPs on the Internet. BGP-4 is the first version of
BGP that supports classless interdomain routing (CIDR) and route aggregation. Unlike common IGPs
such as RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP, BGP does not use metrics such as hop count or bandwidth or delay.
Instead, BGP makes routing decisions based on network policies or rules using various BGP path
attributes. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1KXPpqlNZ4

5.8 IP as a Routed Protocol

IP is the most widely used implementation of a hierarchical network addressing scheme. IP is
a connectionless, unreliable, best-effort delivery system protocol used on the Internet. The term
connectionless means that no dedicated circuit connection is required, as there would be for a
telephone call. There is no call setup before data is transferred between hosts. The IP protocol takes
whichever route is the most efficient based on the routing protocol decision.

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