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The core component of the mobile network.

Responsibilities:

• Call routing
• Call switching
• Mobility management
• Connecting mobile network to other networks like PSTN

5. Home Location Register (HLR)

A database that stores permanent subscriber information such as:

• User identity
• Service subscription
• Current location

6. Visitor Location Register (VLR)

A temporary database that stores information about users currently located in a specific
network area.

3.12 Cellular Network Operation
Registration

When a mobile device is turned on, it registers with the nearest base station.

Call Setup

The network establishes a communication path between two users.

Handover

When a user moves between cells, the connection is transferred from one base station to
another.

Roaming

Allows a user to use mobile services outside their home network.

3.13 Generations of Mobile Networks
1G – First Generation

• Analog communication
• Voice services only
• Low security and quality
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