Page 106 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

32 dearu I&++< z
- hh.Lai
(el ET*STC~*R$~&-~~~& ~~;tf$%jk ~-c+i;ha~wm~~.
(In principle, in Japanese we do not say what is understood from con.
text.)
(f) @bfl&&8b>0Ci&#~ ~~b~~b~$l;Tak,&~
(It is because they haven't practice that they can't do it.)

1. The conjugation of de aru is as follows:
1
Plain Form
nonpast past conjecture

Affirmative T h 6 Th97: Th65
1
( Negative I Tbihb\ 1 T i I TCi8$6i

Polite Form

conjecture

Neg. ~~ih Ttih9 3-tSATLI: TGi2b>TLb 5
%+?A
9
2. The plain forms are used in formal writing, for example, in professional
articles and editorials. Although the de aru style is more formal than the
da style, the two styles are often used together. Note that the de aru style
and the da style cannot be used with the desu style.
3. In writing, the formality level of the copula is as follows: