Page 107 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

dearu 33

The polite forms of de aru (i.e., de arimasu, de arimashita, etc.) are
4.
used in formal speech, for example, in public speaking. In
speech, the formality level of the copula is as follows: -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
---
-
-
ED
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
~nformal Formal -
--
-
*
4----------------------
gi / 72 Tt T&!l$-f
[misted Expression]
~lthough da and de am mean the same thing, there are some syntactic dif-
ferences between them. First, N da cannot be used as the prenominal form
while N de am can, as in [I].
r)r. I: BL hi <
[I] a. f 60l'i;Sl% IT& b / (D / *f U%, 6 ?All cL%l%? + h
1
qC:P-nl;kt:,
(Botchan, which is Soseki's representative work, was written in
the 39th year of Meiji.)
Second, {N I Adj(na)stem} da cannot appear before expressions of uncer-
tainty such as rashii and ka mo shirenai. {N I Adj(na)stem) de aru does not
have this restriction, as in [2].
[2] a. L ;kGLr%60%ba7: b 0 IT& b / 0 /*El I5 LL\ / 5'6 Lh
QL\l,
(This {seems to 1 might} be Soseki's writing.)
:i r*
?+
b. ~03720%fl5$%& {T&b /0/ *El 15 LL\ / Lh&
L\l,
(This method {seems to / might} be more effective.)
(+ - wa - da (DBJG: 521-24))