Page 636 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

562 Vmasu as a Noun

Qam
1. The Vmasu of practically all the verbs can be used as a noun, except
Sino-Japanese sum-verbs. Some of the verb stems (Vmasu) are treated
like real nouns and listed as such in dictionaries, taking the topic marker
wa, the subject marker ga, the direct object marker o, etc. It is strongly
suggested that the non-native speaker / writer check each use of Vrnasu
as a noun in the dictionary.
(1) G:kjbx 'smell' 4% ih 13 'replacement'
d%d'
k 'thought' & 'leave-taking'
% v 'street' *b 'feeling I love'
,R L.1
;tT? d.L
W 6 'upbringing' b C 'feeling'
~frr~ or
3 'talk' 3k 'hope'
3 9 'rule / regulation' % 3 'continuation / sequel'

2 9 'beginning' Rk 'holiday I rest'
&b v 'en8 & 'answer'

ih 9 'change' 'encounter'
2. Some verb stems (Vmasu) can be used in a compound of the Vrnasu
Vrnasu form as exemplified by KS(B) and Exs.(c) - (e). In this case, the
two Vmasu show contrastive meaning. More examples follow:

(2) V ? 0 'ups and downs'
& 3 'comings and goings'
13
-? 9 2 'give and take'
& LA& 'taking in and out 1 depositing and withdrawing'

& 3 'sleeping and waking up / living'
& 3 %k 'up and down' (lit, floating and sinking)